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APUSH Per 3
APUSH Per 3 1754-1800
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The French and Indian War (The Seven years war) | English settlers moved into the Ohio Valley, and the French tried to stop them by building fortified outposts. Many Natives allied themselves with the French. The British lost many of these battles between the French. |
| What did Britain do after the several losses in the F&I war? | They called for a congress of representatives from several colonies to assemble a more organized response to frontier defense, trade, and Western expansion |
| Benjamin Franklin | Was one of the founding fathers that freed the Americas from Britain |
| Benjamin Franklin did what during the meeting of F&I? | He proposed his Albany plan on union |
| Albany Plan of Union | Called for more centralized government for the colonies which in term would better and able them to mount more coordinated effort for Western defense. Rejected tho |
| Effects of the F&I war? | America won the f&I war and signed the peace of paris which gave them all the land east from the Mississippi river. Colonists hunger for land began to push westward into the Ohio River valley, which intensified conflicts with Natives. |
| Effects of the F&I war? | Ottawa war chief Pontiac rallied a group of tribes in the Ohio Valley and attacked colonial outposts, which is known as Pontiac's Rebellion. |
| Royal proclamation of 1763 | Forbade colonists from taking land in the Ohio River valley, west of the Appalachian mountains |
| How did colonists feel about the proclamation? | It frustrated the colonists that fought in the war and therefore felt entitled to this land. They felt like it would improve their lot /plantations if they moved westward |
| Economic effect of the F&I war? | The war was expensive. British debt doubled and the cost of running the colonies increased |
| What did the British decide to do economically to get out of debt after the war? | They decided to apply taxes on the colonies |
| Salutary neglect | the unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade. Britain pushed this away and got more involved with America's |
| Navigation Acts | Were more stricter during the era after the F&I war |
| Quartering Act of 1765 | Which meant that even though the war was over, imperial troops will remain in the American colonies in order to enforce all of these new laws. The colonists were in charge of feeding and housing these soldiers |
| Sugar Act | Imposed taxes on coffee and wine and other luxury items |
| Stamp Act | Taxes on all paper items like news papers, contracts, etc |
| Why was the stamp act so bad for the colonists? | During this time they were experiencing declining wages and a rise in unemployment |
| What did the American colonies argue to the British about these taxes? | That they weren't represented in parliament but the British responded back that they were in the Virtual Representation |
| Virtual representation | Idea was the members of parliament represented all classes of British citizens not necessarily every locality |
| Sons of Liberty | Founded by Samuel Adams, a political organization that went against the taxation on American colonies by Britain |
| Stamp Act Congress | In where 27 delegates from 9 colonies assembled in NY and the result of this meeting was a formal petition to the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act |
| What was the reason they gave a petition to Britain? | Because taxation without representation was tyranny. However this act wasn't a declare of independence yet, the colonies were appealing against the British in a loyalist way. |
| What did Parliament do? | They repealed the stamp act and the sugar Act |
| The Declaratory Act | Basically says that British Parliament had the right to pass whatever acts and laws that they wanted to in the colonies |
| Townshend Act | New taxes on items imported to the colonies, like paper, tea,etc |
| What the response from the colonies towards the Townshend Act? | Multiple protests, and planned to boycott many British goods. Women were the main consumers of British goods since most home goods were from Britain. Many women started to spin their own cloth and learned to brew their own herbal tea. |
| What happened on 1770 in response to British taxation? | The Boston Massacre |
| Boston Massacre | |
| How/why did the Boston Massacre happen? | Imperial troops were stationed in the colonies in order to enforce British law. One night a group of boys and young men began harassing a group of British soldiers in Boston. They threw insults, snowballs, rocks, and stones to these soldiers. |
| How/why did the Boston Massacre happen? pt 2 | It's unclear how or why the first shot was fired. The first shot went off which caused even more chaos |
| What was the Boston Massacre a sure sign of? | Of increasing British Tyranny |
| Boston Tea Party | A protest against British taxation on Tea |
| What occurred during the Boston Tea Party? | About 50 colonists disguised themselves as Natives, got onto the merchant ship and dumped all the tea in the ocean. |
| What did Parliament pass against the Boston Tea Party? | Passed the Coercive Acts |
| Coercive Acts | Closed down the Boston harbor until all the tea was paid for |
| Intolerable acts | a series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. |
| Patriots | The people who were rebelling against Britain during the war, |
| What happened after the British Parliament passed the Intolerable acts? | News about these new tyranny spread throughout the colonies increasingly by folks who identified as Patriots. As the news began to spread the colonists began to organize themselves to armed groups promising to protect themselves against Britain |
| Continental Congress | the governing body by which the American colonial governments coordinated their resistance to British rule during the first two years of the American Revolution. |
| What did the Continental Congress do? | The colonies sent delegates to this Congress to discuss what should be done about British Tyranny. They all agreed that the colonies should resist further violations of their liberties at the hands on Parliament, they couldn't agree on how to do so. |
| What guided the Continental Congress to think the way they did? | One of the most significant influences were the idea of Natural Rights, the social Contract, and the seperations of power. |
| What did the CC decide in the end? | That independence from Britain was the only way their nation was to thrive and survive. |
| Common sense | A pamphlet by Thomas Paine to convince the colonies that independence was necessary. Used allusions from the bible heavily |
| Why was Common sense made and what did it do? | Only the elite delegates of the colonies agreed that independence was the only way but the colonies themselves weren't convinced. Common sense was written to convince the colonies and it sure did. |
| Declaration of Independence | Written by Thomas Jefferson, declared independence from Britain and states the principles on which our government, and our identity as Americans, are based. "All men are created equal." Many Enlightenment thoughts were used |
| Loyalists | People against independence from Britain, want to stay with Britain |
| American Revolutionary War | War between Britain for independence for the USA |
| Continental army | was the army for the US and led by George Washington, really bad, Ill equipped, Ill paid, many losses from Britain |
| How was the US during the start of the AR war? | Their army was awful and they achieved various losses. Which made them look unappealing to help to other country's since "there is no point and Britain will defeat them either way" |
| Battle of Saratoga | America won against the Britain and was turning point for the US since their victory here made France ally with them against the British |
| How did France help the US? | Sent guns.ships, the marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat who fought in the Continental Army with the American colonists against the British in the American Revolution. |
| Why did the British lose? | They didn't have the resources that outlast their American enemies |
| The Battle of Yorktown | Ended the American Revolutionary War. The British army surrendered |
| Articles of Confederation | The first national constitution of the United States Intentionally created little to no central government due to fear of creating a tyrannical government |
| Limitations of the Articles of Confederation | Gave the federal government no power to raise an army Could not enforce state or individual taxation, or a military draft Could not regulate trade among the states or international trade Had no executive or judicial branch |
| Limitations of the Articles of Confederation pt 2 | Legislative branch gave each state one vote, regardless of the state's population. In order to pass a law, 9 of the 13 of the states had to agree In order to amend or change the Articles, unanimous approval was needed |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Provided a plan for unformed territories could be occupied and then applied to the union and it abolished slavery in the northwest territory |
| Shays Rebellion | response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades. |
| Why was Shays Rebellion important? | It displayed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, this uprise actually alarmed state national leaders who began to wonder how many other angry farmers could rise up and try to kill them. |
| Constitutional Convention | Purpose was to revise the articles and highlight their weaknesses but it soon became obvious that what they really needed was a new constitution. |
| Federalists | Were more urban folks with a commercial background and they wanted a stronger federal government |
| Anti-federalists | Were more rural folks and they liked the states having the power and they opposed an increase for the federal government |
| What was the most heated argument between anti-federalist an federalists? | Over how the people would be represented |
| Virginia plan | proposed by James Madison, representation by population; favored big states |
| New Jersey plan | Equal representation regardless of population; favored small states |
| The Great Compromise | Came out from the debate on the Virginia or New Jersey plan , Under this plan the legislative branch would be split into two houses. |
| House of representatives | States would be represented by population |
| Senate | states would have equal votes, 2 votes per state |
| What was another issue in respects to representation was? | How to account for the enslaved population which come the Three-fifths compromise. Southerns wanted their whole enslaved population be counted because that would boost their power in the house but northerners who had few slaves opposed this. |
| Three-fifth compromise | Counted three-fifths of a states slave population |
| Federalists papers | Alexander,Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison wrote these essays in order to convince the American public of the merits of the constitution |
| What did the anti-federalists do in regards to the ratification of the new constitution? | They opposed it because it lacked a bill of rights |
| Bill of Rights | Which would list Individual liberties and protection of the individual against the federal government |
| What did the Federalists do in response to the bill of rights? | They let it prevail and accepted it |
| How was the American culture? | Ambitious plans for public education started; artists devoted attention to painting historical themes; the development of republican mothers rose. |
| Republican Motherhood | according to this idea women could best put republican influence to their sons |
| Constitution | Went into effect in March of 1789 |
| George Washington | First president; Washington established the departments of Treasury, state,war, and justice. |
| Alexander Hamilton | First secretary of the Treasury; he drove a plan for the federal government to assume the states revolutionary war debts, consolidating these debts he argued would bin the nation together while simultaneously improving the credit of the nation |
| National Bank | Proposed by Hamilton, argued with the Elastic clause, that said that Congress has the right to make any law that is necessary and proper in order to carry out its other responsibilities |
| What did George Washington decide to do during the French Revolution? | To stay neutral and not get involved into other public affairs |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Was a protest against the taxation of Whiskey. These farmers and their anger attacked and assaulted these tax collectors who tried to collect revenue from them. |
| Why did the Whiskey Rebellion happen? | One of Hamilton's policies included a tax on whiskey which was mainly consumed by poor frontier farmers. These farmers and their anger attacked and assaulted these tax collectors who tried to collect revenue from them. |
| What happened to the Whiskey Rebellion? | Back then during Shay's Rebellion, the government couldn't do anything because they didn't have a national militia because of the AOC but now the new constitution has national militia. Washington went ahead and federalized 4 state militias and sent them. |
| Who did these policies enrage? | The Democratic-Republicans |
| Democratic Republicans | Like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, they thought that the debt plan, the bank, and the response to the Whiskey rebellion was clear evidence of federal overreach |
| Washington's farewell address | Washington decides no to run for a 3rd year; In his speech he cautions the nation against the formation of political parties and their divisive affects and also cautioned America against getting entangled in foreign affairs. |
| John Adams | 2nd president |
| What occurred during John Adams presidency? | War between Britain and France broke out |
| How did Adams respond to the war between France and Britain? | He insisted that America would remain neutral, the French had a habit of seizing American trade ships that were going to Britain. |
| How did Adams respond to the war between France and Britain? pt 2 | So Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate settlement but the three french men who met them on behalf of the French government demanded a bribe before they could even sit down. |
| XYZ Affair | Adams sent a delegation to France to negotiate settlement but the three french men who met them on behalf of the French government demanded a bribe before they could even sit down. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | made it legal and easy to deport any non-citizen of the US and it heavily aimed at the growing Irish/Scottish immigrants who opposed the federals sympathy's for Britain. Made it illegal to criticize the government |
| How did the Democratic-Republicans respond to the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Their response was formed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | The democratic Republicans argued that any law passed by the federal government was blatantly unconstitutional can with good conditions be nullified by the states |
| Indian Trade and Intercourse Act | Established to deal with the increasing conflict with Indians and Americans who were migrating west; this law regulated the relationships among settlers and Indians and made provisions in fair dealings |
| What did settlers do either way of the IT & I act | They ignored the act |
| How's the relationship with Natives and why? | Still bad, many conflicts because of westward migration |
| Pinckney Treaty | Established because there was tension with Spain; decided where the border was between the US and Spain territory.The border is established at the 31st parallel |
| How was slavery? | Distinct regional attitudes towards slavery began to emerge; in Northern states a rapid population growth of free blacks In NJ granted free blacks how own property the right to vote. |
| How was slavery? | In Philadelphia blacks formed the first African American church, The African Methodist Episcopal Church. In the South the black population was mostly enslaved. New legislation made it almost impossible to free slaves. |
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JuliR
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