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Modern Era
* = continuation ~ = estimated (1750-1900)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Humanism | Years: 1350 CE (start) Important: - believed man are the center of his own universe & to embrace everyone's differences - shaped by St. Francis of Assisi Historical Skill: A key part of the Enlightenment & influenced revolutions |
| Scientific Revolution | Years: 1543-1700 CE Important: - Desiderius Erasmus (priest) -Galileo & Copernicus (astronomer) -facts in science based on evidence & logic Historical Skill: A new way of thinking that was not god/religion but instead human-based reasoning |
| Enlightenment | Years: 1685-1815 CE Important: - look rationally on human institutions through reasoning -Intelligence triangle -> London, Paris, & Amsterdam Historical Skill: A new way of thinking that differed from religion & believing in a higher power |
| Jean -Jacques Rousseau | Years: 1712-1778 CE Important: - believed in social contract - questioned divine right -power is given to the government by the people & if abused they can be overthrown Historical Skill: Created the basis of democracy & revolutions |
| *Social Contract | Years: 1792 CE (start) Important: -people must give up some of their rights in order to be protected by the gov -if gov sucks, then they can be removed Historical Skill: A new way of thinking and type of government (one where people have power) |
| John Locke | Years: 1632-1704 CE Important: -rights given to any person that cannot be taken away or restricted by gov -all WHITE MEN are born equal -minor & minorities <<< white men Historical Skill: Another person who influenced revolutions & modern gov |
| *Natural Rights | Years: 1776 CE (start) Important: influenced revolutions globally -created by John Locke -became fundamental to govs world-wide Historical Skill: Incorporated in govs internationally & is present in our Constitution |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Years: 1689-1755 CE Important: -separation of powers -checks & balances -separation of church & state Historical Skill: Basis on how our gov is formed (multiple branches). The 3 branches to split the power of the state gov to prevent tyranny |
| Impacts of the Enlightenment on Minorities | Years: 1685-1815 CE Important: -influenced them to fight their rights -taught that everyone is special & equal with humanism & general will Historical Skill: Ideals: humanism & general will that enforced the idea that everyone is equal |
| Impacts of the Enlightenment on European Countries | Years: 1685-1815 CE Important: -influenced revolutions -American revolution & French revolution -led to the end of tyrannical leaders/monarchs Historical Skill: Discussed liberty, property, & pursuit of happiness in places that didn't |
| Empiricism | Years: 1600 CE (start) Important: -all knowledge stems from experience -relying on direct observation of events & experience to determine reality Historical Skill: A new way of thinking that contrasted greatly to the ideals of religion. |
| Nationalism | Years: 1685-1815 CE Important: -an ideology that highlights loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation that outweighs other nations Historical Skill: Very powerful one & was a main motivator in the revolutions |
| Causes of The American Revolution | Years: 1765-1783 CE Important: - 7 Years War -"taxation without representation' -Declaration of Independence Historical Skill: Brought about by Enlightenment ideals and inspired many other revolutions globally |
| Causes of the Haitian Revolution | Years: 1791-1804 CE Important: - bad economy -French mercantilism -social structure based on race -more black than French/white people Historical Skill: First successful slavery revolt that paved the ways for others |
| Causes of the Latin American Independence | Years: 1808-1833 CE Important: -Casta system -peninsulares had all power -elaborate economy -switched from silver to cash crops Historical Skill: Economic, social, & political status in Latin America led to the cause of the revolution |
| American Declaration of Independence | Year: 1776 CE (signed) Important: -written by Thomas Jefferson -contains Enlightenment ideals -natural rights, general will, & social contract Historical Skill: Enlightenment movement brought about a lot of concern and need for change |
| French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | Year: 1789 CE (signed) Important: -states the rights of man & citizens in France -utilized Enlightenment ideals -3rd estate/poor taxed not the rich Historical Skill: Written because the poor people had to pay more taxes than the wealthy people |
| Simon Bolivar's "Letter from Jamaica" | Year: 1815 CE (created) Important: -exiled in Jamaica -Latin American unity -vision of republican gov Historical Skill: Similar to the Declaration of Independence since it focuses on desire for freedom from their mother country |
| Propaganda Movement in the Philippines | Years: 1880-1886 CE Important: -first Filipino nationalist movement (student led) -reforms in the Philippines -wanted acknowledgement in Spanish Cortes Historical Skill: Wanted representation just like in the American Revolution |
| Maori Nationalism & the New Zealand Wars in New Zealand | Years: 1200-1872 CE Important: -developed unity to fight Britain -Maori (Polynesian people in New Zealand) -different Maori tribes united to fight Britain Historical Skill: Unified Maori tribes to fight a common enemy, Britain |
| Writings of Ida Rodriguez de Tio in Puerto Rice | Years: 1843-1924 Important: -1st Puerto-Rican-born female poet -believer in women's right & abolish slavery -Puerto-Rican independence Historical Skill: Inspired movements by informing & outwardly supporting taboo topics with their influence |
| Germany & Italian Unifications | German: -manipulated countries into fighting in 3 wars -Otto van Bismarck Italian: -manipulated other countries into war -Count di Cavour Historical Skill: Manipulated countries to go to war for their own /more land |
| Balkan Nationalisms | Years: 1700 CE (started) Important: -exposure to enlightenment & appreciation for Greece's culture -defeated the Ottoman with help from other countries Historical Skill: Nationalism played a huge part of revolts & led to many independent nations |
| Ottomanism | Years: 1870-1880 CE Important: -aimed to unify & modernize -refined ethnic, religion. & language diversity Historical Skill: Tried to unify the state by getting rid of differences instead unified them into revolting the gov |
| *3rd Estate | Years: n/a Important: -French social hierarchy -caused many issues which led to revolution -clergy, nobility, & commoner Historical Skill: 7 Year War left France in debt so the commoners taxed not the rich which led to the French Revolution |
| Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" | Year: 1792 CE (published) Important: -men = women -education for women will be beneficial to becoming equal & free from patriarchal ideals Historical Skill: Inspired many other females to join the cause and fight for their rights |
| Olympe de Gouges' "Declaration of the Rights of Woman & the Female Citizen" | Year: 1791 CE (published) Important: -response to the Declaration of Rights of the Man & Citizen -inspired Mary Wollstonecraft Historical Skill: Led to the creation of other feminist books and rise of female activists |
| Seneca Fall Conference/Elizabeth Cady | Year: 1848 CE Important: -launched women's suffrage -Elizabeth Stanton & Elizabeth Cady -Based off Declaration but for woman -no men tyranny Historical Skill: Challenged the patriarchy & continued a long fight for women's rights |
| *Elizabeth Stanton & Lucretia Mott | Elizabeth Stanton: -fought for woman -organized 1st woman's rights convention Lucretia Mott: -fought against slavery -station in underground railroad -organized Seneca Fall Convention Historical Skill: Organized the Seneca Fall Convention |
| Affranchis | Years: n/a Important: -former French legal term -described freed slaves -referred to mullatos Historical Skill: Just like the woman in U.S., they fought for equality status as the French aristocrats |
| Voudou Role in Resistance to French | Years: 1600 CE (start) Important: -practiced in Haiti -cast spells & charms used to change the material world -mix of Catholicism and animism Historical Skill: Voudou enabled the people to meet together & was different from Catholicism |
| Toussaint Louverture | Years: 1743-1803 CE Important: -in Haiti/Saint-Domingue -started Haitian Revolution -former governor/general of Haiti Historical Skill: Started the first successful slave revolt & emancipated the slaves within his colony |
| Jean-Jacques Dessalines | Years: 1758-1806 CE Important: -emperor of Haiti -was an Italian revolutionary -leader of Haitian Revolution -1st leader of independent Haiti Historical Skill: Was one of the founding fathers of Haiti & proclaimed its independence |
| Creole Nationalism | Years: 1808-1826 CE Important: Creoles = Spanish born Americans -had economic & social power -fought the peninsulares Historical Skill: Creoles although ethnically Spanish were American & fought into gain political power from Spaniards |
| 19th Century Liberalism | Years: 1850s CE (start) Important: -belief in natural rights -constitutional gov -laissez-faire economy -reduced $ for armies Historical Skill: Strengthened the motive for revolutions, for more freedom, & less gov action in free market |
| Enclosure Acts in England | Years: 1604-1914 CE Important: -enclosed open fields & common land -almost 7 million acres of land -small farmers had to either pay or forfeit land Historical Skill: Led to riots & greatly improved the agricultural productivity of farms |
| England's Natural Resources | Years: n/a Important: - coal, natural gas, wheat/barley/arable land, iron, & sheep Historical Skill: With the arable land Britain was able to profit off of agriculture & with the coal technology: engines & machines, were able to exist |
| Steam Engine | Years: 1712 CE (invented) Important: - efficient transportation -increase in workers Historical Skill: Fostered many opportunities to gain $ off of goods, transportation of people, & increase in manual labor |
| Factory System | Years: 1700 CE (start) Important: -changed the society -went from cottage industry to factories -machinery which helped with efficiency of production Historical Skill: Huge change of life as work shifted from cottage to factories |
| Textile Production in India & Egypt | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: -Britain taxed all textiles that were imported -mark up led India & Egypt lost export markets Historical Skill: Their goods were in high demand so Britain taxed it so more people would buy domestic |
| British Textile Industry | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: -demand increased once Egypt's & India's textiles were taxed -important in Industrial Revolution Historical Skill: Increased since the Egyptian & Indian textiles were taxed making it more expensive in Britain |
| Internal Combustion Engine | Year: 1791 CE (invented) Important: -invented in Belgium -power by expulsion (gas & gas) -increased transportation Historical Skill: Increased the demand for coal & natural gas exports from Britain & increased transportation |
| Fossil Fuels During the Industrial Revolution | Years: 1760 CE (start) Important: -amount of productive energy available grew -steam engine & internal combustion it was used -bad for environment Historical Skill: Steam engines & internal combustion engines able to increase transportation |
| Second Industrial Revolution | Years: 1870-1914 CE Important: -technological revolution -increase in communication & transportation -better manufacturing methods Historical Skill: Led to the increase of many vital parts of the everyday life |
| Transportation During Industrial Revolution | Years: 1870-1914 CE Important: -increased due to the 2nd industrial Revolution -automobile, aircraft & construction of railroads Historical Skill: 2nd Industrial Revolution led to the rapid growth of transportation & its efficiency |
| Meiji Restoration | Years: 1868-1889 CE Important: -feudal & feudalist privileges abolished -Constitution created & put in place -parliamentary system Historical Skill: Revolution of political change which shapes its current state |
| Trans-Siberian Railroad | Years: 1870 CE (built) Important: -connect European Russia with Pacific -completed at the end of the 1880's -brought into more active Asian role Historical Skill: Made trading to & from Russia & Asia easier |
| Muhammad Ali's Development of Cotton Textile Industry in Egypt | Years: 1812-1840 CE Important: -replaced tax farming with his own taxes -peasants forced to produce cotton -used $ to make factories Historical Skill: In his lead the gov changed & helped increase the use of factory systems globally |
| Transnational Business-Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) | Year: 1865 CE (start) Important: -prominent bank established -Hong Kong= British Empire -founding member of the HSBC group Historical Skill: Presented many international interactions to China who wanted to end foreign interactions |
| Transnational Business-Unilever Based in England & the Netherlands & Operating in British West Africa & Belgian Congo | Years: 1929 CE (start) Important: -palm oil from plantations -supplied factory resources -holding company for 500+ companies Historical Skill: Helped many companies world-wide by supplying materials they may need |
| Stock Markets | Years: 1792 CE (start) Important: - an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers -component of free-market -laissez-faire economy Historical Skill: Supports an economy free from gov control |
| Financial Instruments-Limited-Liability Corporations | Years: 1892 CE (start) Important: -principles of corporations -public stock can fail without anyone person losing all $ -lowers the risk of new business ventures Historical Skill: Without it many corps would lose $ & their corps |
| Financial Instruments- Laissez-Faire Capitalism | Years: 1776 CE (start) Important: -leave it be -no government involvement -let market run free Historical Skill: Main contributor of : stock market which isn't regulated by the gov & mostly controlled by the people |
| Financial Instruments- Adam Smith & Free Markets | Year: 1776 CE (published) Important: -hand in hand with free trade -true national wealth -benefits all classes -capitalism ends up with thriving economy Historical Skill: Adam's determination& advocation led to our modern day economy |
| Financial Instruments-Free Trade Policies During Industrial Revolution | Years: 1760-1840 CE Important: -goods & services can be bough & sold across international border without no gov tariffs -quotas, tariffs, subsides or prohibitions Historical Skill: Able to ensure that all trades was fair to avoid conflicts |
| Financial Instruments- Industrial Capitalism | Years: 1750 CE (start) Important: -economic & social system -trade, industry, & capital are privately controlled & operated for profit Historical Skill: Dominated the economic systems in the US & developed globally |
| Communist Manifesto | Years: 1848 CE (published) Important: -political manifesto by Karl Marx & Fredrich Engels -laid out the program of Communist League Historical Skill: Became a world-renowned political manuscript once communism grew |
| *Fredrich Engels | Years: 1820-1895 CE Important: -co-wrote the Communist Manifesto -German philosopher, social scientist, & political theorist -fathered Marxist theory with Karl Marx Historical Skill: Created the foundation for communism |
| *Karl Marx | Years: 1818-1883 CE Important: -co-wrote the Communist Manifesto -German philosopher, sociologist, socialist, & economist -fathered Marxist theory with Fredrich Engels Historical Skill: Created the foundation for communism |
| British Industrial Middle Class | Years: 1750-1914 CE Important: -emphasized thrift, hard work, rigid moral behavior, cleanliness, & respectability -combined notions of social status & virtuous behavior Historical Skill: Held important jobs that society couldn't function without |
| Domesticity in the Victorian Era | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: -houses were cheap (2-4 rooms) -bigger families (4-5 kids) -no water & toilet (communal) -work long hours in harsh conditions Historical Skill: We have toilets /working water & smaller families |
| British Industrial Working Class | Years: 1750-1914 CE Important: -worked long hours for low wages -poor working/living conditions -many young children & woman worked Historical Skill: Urbanization led children to have to work to make ends meet |
| Consequences of Urbanization During the Industrial Revolution | Years: 1870-1914 CE Important: -growth of large urban centers -overpopulation, pollution, & prone to disease -child labor Historical Skill: Urbanization led to cities being overpopulated, filthy, & prone to disease |
| Labor Unions | Years: 1870-1914 CE Important:-powerful organizations that fought for better working conditions -negotiated for better workers' rights Historical Skill: Unified people in a time of despair to fight for a cause, workers' rights |
| European Nations who Imperialized | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: -France, UK. Italy, & Germany Historical Skill: Imperialized to gain $, land, & power |
| Countries Imperialized by European Nations | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: Vietnam, Australia, new Zealand, Africa, & India Historical Skill: European nations exploited these nations for personal gain of $, land, power, & natural resources |
| Economic Imperialism | Years: 1750-1900 CE Important: -utilized by European nations -main motivations for imperialism -effects of imperialism for $ Historical Skill: Main motivator for imperialism because the imperialist countries lacked/limited natural resources |
| Social Darwinism | Years:1850-1880 CE Important: -pseudoscience -"survival of the fittest" (white men) -based on Darwin's discovery of natural selection Historical Skill: Held down a foundation for white superiority where white people were better than the rest |
| "White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling | Year: 1899 CE (published) Important: -European exploitation of smaller countries being a white man's "duty" Historical Skill: Highlights colonization & exploitation of smaller countries by Europe & how they believed it to be their moral duty |
| Berlin Conference | Year: 1884 CE (held) Important: -called for Portugal (Otto van Bismarck) -peacefully divide Africa Historical Skill: Took place so European nations since they were being greedy and trying to gain more land which led to conflict |
| Belgium Government & the Congo | Years: 1908-1960 CE Important: -Belgium governed Congo -colonial trinity (state, missionary, & private-companies) -King Leopold II Historical Skill: Lack of stability led to the need for new management by other nations |
| Britain in West Africa | Years: 1800 CE (start) Important: -controlled African states -modern day (Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, & Gambia) -imposed their political & economic systems Historical Skill: Britain used power to gain territories based on natural resources |
| French in West Africa | Years: 1800 CE (start) Important: -large territory in West -modern day (Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gabon, & Chad) Historical Skill: France maintained a large portion of Africa and gained more $, power, & resources |
| Dutch Empire | Year: 1595-1975 CE Important: -controlled by the Netherlands -Dutch East Indian Company (joint-stock co. funded travel) -controlled colonies in India & Pacific Ocean Historical Skill: Oppressed natives & their culture, gov, & resources |
| New Zealand | Years: 1350- now CE Important: British imperialized nation -settler colony -dairy products Historical Skill: Britain lacked land & had limited resources so they colonized New Zealand for more room & resources |
| Ghost Dance Movement | Year: 1889 CE (start) Important: -religious movement -prophesized the extinction of white people -return of old life & superiority of Indians Historical Skill: Example of rebellions against white colonization (less violent & religious) |
| Tupac Amaru Rebellion | Year: 1780 (start) Important: -led by Tupac Amaru -Native American rebellion in Peru -claimed to be a direct descendant of last Incan Emperor Historical Skill: By claiming to be the rightful leader, he basically disrespected colonial rule |
| Anglo-Zulu War | Year: 1879 CE (start) Important: -was against Zulu & British -British won -dominated SE Africa (Zulu -Zulu won many battles Historical Skill: Although less technologically developed still managed to fight off Britain & their guns |
| Rebellion in India | Year: 1857 CE (start) Important: -started in Meerut & spread to north & central India -led to the end of East Indian Company -Sepoys unhappy with pay Historical Skill: Before East Indian Company ruled India but after it was the British Crown |
| Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement | Years: 1856-1857 CE Important: -East Cape of Africa -chiefdom & kingdom -cattle symbolized wealth -slaughtered many cows Historical Skill: led to Xhosa's downfall but was an inspiring rebellion against the British |
| Cotton Production in Egypt | Years: 1860-1865 CE Important: -Suez Canal built made easy for European powers to access their colonies -utilized by the British economy for domestic use & exports Historical Skill: Britain had efficient access to Egypt's cotton to exploit |
| Rubber Extraction in the Amazon/Congo Basin | Years: 1879-1912 CE Important: resource export economy -native to Amazon basin but grown in Congo by forced labor -King Leopold II of Belgium Historical Skill: Created more profit for Belgium same as Egypt did for Britain |
| Palm Oil Trade in West Africa | Year: 1800 CE (start) Important: -made from palms that grow in West Africa -export used as lubricant for machines -cheap & abundant in Africa Historical Skill: Increase of industrialization & use of machines led to a great demand for it |
| Guano Industries in Peru & Chile | Year: 1841 CE (start) Important: -made from bird/bat poop -on islands off Peru -exploited immigrants to shovel & collect Historical Skill: Exploited immigrants unknowing of what the job calls for & the danger that come with it |
| Meat from Argentina & Uruguay | Years: 1750 -1900 CE Important: -cornerstone of their economies -exported to Europe & North America -tech kept the meet from rotting Historical Skill: New technology allowed the meat exports to be shipped without getting bad |
| Diamonds from Africa | Years: n/a Important: -Cecil Rhodes created a new mining company -exported 90% of the world's diamonds -brought attention of Europe along with gold Historical Skill: Newfound diamonds led to Europeans fighting for African land |
| Port of Buenos Aires | Years: 1580 CE (founded) Important: -significant as Britain had control over Latin America -forced to contribute to global economy Historical Skill: Britain had parts of Latin America; along with control over imports & exports |
| Italian Workers in Latin America | Years: 1860 CE (start) Important: -used to gain profit -travelled between Latin America & Europe for both harvests -migrated with seasons Historical Skill: They travelled from Latin America & Europe to maximize profits by harvesting twice |
| Ellis Island | Years: 1892-1954 CE Important: -in New York -check-in place for immigrants -many people who immigrated went through the island Historical Skill: Allowed the immigration of people with $ along with not being ill/uncontaminated |
| British Engineers in South Africa | Years: 1795 (start) Important: -better job opportunities -excitement of meeting new people & discovering new things Historical Skill: Example of people from imperialist countries moving to the colonies for better options |
Created by:
myah thomas
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