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Gen. Science Mod. 4
Definitions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
motivation for science | Gain knowledgeto satisfy own curiosity. |
motivation for applied science | Gain useful information. |
technology | A new process or machine that makes life better or a job easier. |
Pascal | Great scientist, mathematician and philosopher that invented the adding machine. |
ENIAC | First electronic computer. |
vacuum tubes | Devices used in the first computers. |
transistor | Replaced vacuum tubes making computers faster and cheaper. |
Roentgen | Accidently invented X-rays. |
simple machine | A device that either multiplies or reduces a force. |
force | A ush or pull exerted on an object in an effort ot change that object's velocity. |
six simple machines | Lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw. |
fulcrum | Point on which the beam of a lever pivots. |
mechanical advantage | The amount by which force or motion is magnified in a simple machine. |
effort | Force being appied. |
resistance | Weight that is being lifted. |
mechanical advantage for a lever | distance from fulcrum to effort/distance from fulcrum to resistance. |
fulcrum | Fulcrum is between effort and resistance. |
second class lever | Resistance is between fulcrum and effort. |
third class lever | Effort is between fulcrum and resistance. |
pliers | Example of first class lever. |
wheelbarrow | Example of a second class lever. |
forearm | Example of a second class lever. |
wheel and axle | A simple machine consisting of a wheel attached to a smaller axle so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to the other |
diameter | The length of a straight line that travels from one side of a circle to another and passes through the center of the circle. |
mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle | Diameter of wheel/diameter of axle |
Pulley | A grooved wheel that rotates freely on a frame. |
mechanical advantage of a pulley | Number of pulleys used. |
block and tackle | An arrangement of rope and pulleys that allows you to trade force for distance. |
inclined plane | A simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy objects. |
wedge | A simple machine used to separate things. |
double wedge | Two wedges put together. |
mechanical advantage for inclined plane | Length of slope/height |
mechanical advantage for wedge | Length of slope/height |
screw | A simple machine consisting of a twisted inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder in ridges. |
pitch | The distance between the threads in a screw. |
mechanical advantage of a screw | Circumference/pitch |
pi | 3.1416 |
circumference | Distance around a circle, pi x diameter. |