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Early Modern Era
* = continuation ~ = estimated (1450-1750)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gunpowder Empires | Years: 800 CE Important: -weaponized successfully by the Mongols -Ottomans, Safavids, & Mughals -used weapons: firearms & cannons Historical Skill: creation of gunpowder led to these empires gaining significant power |
| Manchu Empire | Years: 1644-1912 CE Important: -from Manchuria (Northern China) -took the weakening Ming Dynasty invaded & conquered China -Kang Xi (8 year old emperor) Historical Skill: went from Ming Dynasty to Manchu/Qing Dynasty |
| Mughal Empire | Years: 1525-1857 CE Important: - came from Turkic nomadic soldiers -located SE Asia -defeated the last sultan of Delhi Sultanate Historical Skill: great military, religious tolerance, & trade |
| Ottoman Empire | Years: 1300-1918 CE Important: -sieged Constantinople under Mehmed I -devshrime (Christian slaves to sultan) Historical Skill: invention of gunpowder gave them & their powerful army of janissaries the ability to rise to power |
| Safavid Empire | Years: 1501-1760 CE Important: -Shia Muslims & descend from Turkish -Ismail (conquered Persia at 14) -Abbas (took Christian boys from Russia) -mix of Persia & Turkey Historical Skill: mix of Persia & Turkey created Safavid culture |
| Qing Imperial Portraits | Years: 1644 CE Important: - used to maintain practice of ancestral worship -decorated palaces inside the Forbidden City -worshiped their leaders as if gods Historical Skill: used to maintain rulers in a god-like status |
| Ming Practice of Collecting Taxes in Hard Currency | Years: 1465 CE Important: -instead of using paper $ they now use copper -wasn't ideal since other countries had other currencies - made trade difficult Historical Skill: use of copper instead of silver led to decline in trade |
| Akbar | Years: 1542-1605 CE Important: - Muslim ruler of Mughal Empire -religiously tolerant -created centralized gov -increased trade & their economy -grandson of Babur (founder of Mughal Empire) |
| House of Worship | Christianity: - church Judaism: -synagogue Islam: -mosque Buddhism: -stupa Hinduism: -temple Historical Skill: all have a place of worship but are all different names |
| Mughal Mausolea & Mosques | Years: n/a Important: -1st great period under Akbar -integrated new style of architecture -built of redstone/white marble Historical Skill: under Akbar the construction of mosques changed |
| Mughal Zamindar Tax Collection | Years: 1500-1850 CE Important: - belonged to nobility & formed the ruling class/land owners -controlled peasant lifestyle where they collected taxes from imperial courts Historical Skill: allowed nobles/the rich to maintain their power & wealth |
| Sikhism | Years: 1469-1708 CE Important: -blend of Hinduism & Islam -founded by Guru Nanak -men = women -very tolerant Historical Skill: change of two existing religions (syncretism) |
| Safavid - Mughal Conflict | Years: 1649-1653 CE Important: - caused by religion - Ottomans were Sunni Islam & Mughals Shia -denominations disagreed about Muhammad's successor Historical Skill: difference in religious beliefs led to physical conflict |
| Ottoman Devshrime | Years: 1400-1800 CE Important: -military elites -Christian boys who became slaves for the sultan -given an education & military training Historical Skill: huge contributor to the infamous Ottoman military which helped them rise to power |
| Mexica Tribute Lists | Years: 1400-1500 CE Important: - main sources of income for the empire -includes: food, cacao, gems, cotton, animals, animal skin, building materials, & soldiers Historical Skill: provided Mexica goods to be used & increased their economy |
| Ottoman Tax Farming | Years: 1856 CE (abolished) Important: -farming public revenue -state auctioned taxation rights to highest bidder - collected state taxes & made payments in installments Historical Skill: wealth for the rich people & opposite for the poor |
| Split Between Sunni & Shia Muslims | Years: 632 CE Important: -Shia believed that the successor should be family of Muhammad -Sunni believed that since he didn't choose there is no successor Historical Skill: led to many conflicts throughout history |
| European Notions of Divine Right | Years: 1603-1689 CE Important: kings/rulers in Europe to remain in a god-like status -used by absolute rulers -claimed they were chosen by God Historical Skill: an example of how rulers used religion to stay in power |
| Versailles Palace | Years: 1631 CE (built) Important: -built by Louis XIV -has a hall of mirrors to display his wealth -used divine right to be worshipped Historical Skill: an example of how rulers used architecture to stay in power |
| 95 Theses By Martin Luther | Years: 1519 CE Important: -questioned indulgences (pay out of sin) -one cannot buy itself out of a sin or into faith Historical Skill: Roman Catholic Church used indulgences to gain a larger profit in disguise of it helping one ascend to heaven |
| Incan Sun Temple of Cuzco | Years: 1200 CE Important: - dedicated to the Sun God -"Temple of the Sun" -built for ceremonies to pay tribute & give offering to the Sun God/sun Historical Skill: place of worship but also a place to show off wealth |
| Mexica Practice of Human Sacrifice | Years: 1406-1502 CE Important: used obsidian blades to cut into people's chests & take their beating hearts & offer it to the Sun God (POW of tributes) -used to please the Sun God Historical Skill: part of Aztec culture & religion |
| Songhai Empire's Conflict with Morocco | Years: 1590-1599 CE Important: - Askia perished his successor was never clarified - lost great leader & empire was weakened - Moroccans managed to defeat & sacked capital of Goa Historical Skill: Askia's death led to Songhai's fall |
| Songhai Promotion of Islam | Years: 1375-1591 CE Important: - Askia devout Muslim - Islam became an important part of the empire - conquered surrounding lands & took over control of gold & salt Historical Skill: Askia's devotion led to empire's main religion |
| Catholicism | Years: 30 CE-present day Important: leader is the pope -questionable practice of indulgences -domination of Christianity -traces all the way back to the Roman Empire Historical Skill: led to huge change in Christianity |
| Protestant Reformation | Years: 1517-1648 CE Important: -religious movement -reformed beliefs (practices of Roman Catholic Church - main people: Martin Luther & John Calvin Historical Skill: there was a problem that led to a new denomination of Christianity |
| Astronomical Charts | Years: 1534 BCE Important: - charts of the sky -divided constellations & other astronomical -used for navigation Historical Skill: led to the increase of trade & travel due to technology |
| Caravels | Years: 1400 CE Importance: - small ship -highly maneuverable 3 masted ship - used by Spain & Portugal Historical Skill: Spanish & Portuguese used caravels for trade & to explore the Atlantic |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Years: 1394-1460 CE Important: - found new trade routes -made lots of connections -expeditions started European colonization & Trans-Atlantic slave trade Historical Skill: contributed to the start of European expeditions |
| Maritime Empires | Years: 1450 CE Important: - empires that used expedition & ships to gain power, $, & land -European countries: Portugal, Britain, & Spain Historical Skill: start of the rise of European power |
| Increased Peasant & Artisan Labor in Western Europe, India, & China | Europe: - plantation increase (cotton) India: - cotton became new status symbol China: - demand increased & was monopolized (silk) Historical Skill: Europe & India focused on cotton while China monopolized silk |
| Syncretic Beliefs | Years: 300 BCE (start) Important: -blending of elements from more than one religion into a distinct system of worship Historical Skill: shows change from expansion & new connections can create new belief systems |
| Horses | Years: 1519 CE (brought to NW) Important: -animal from Europe - brought for transportation & can carry more -useful for navigation on land Historical Skill: shows the changes that the Columbian Exchange created |
| Pigs | Years: 1500 CE (brought to NW) Important: - brought for food -Native to Asia & Europe Historical Skill: shows the changes that the Columbian Exchange created |
| Cattle | Years: 1493 CE(brought to NW) Important: -animal from Europe - used for food -animals: cows, sheep. & horses Historical Skill: shows the changes that the Columbian Exchange created |
| Rice | Years: 1600s CE (brought to NW) Important: -plant from Asia - used for food -main diet of Asian people Historical Skill: shows the changes that the Columbian Exchange created |
| Okra | Years: 1710 CE (brought to NW) Important: -plant from Africa - brought to America by the African slaves - used in gumbo Historical Skill: shows the changes that the Columbian Exchange created |
| Columbian Exchange | Years: 1525-1866 CE Important: - not trade transfer -things transferred from & to the NW & OW -includes: crops, animals, labor, & agriculture Historical Skill: led to lots of change: cultural, economical & environmental global |
| Diseases From the Old World | Years: n/a Important: - includes: small pox, bubonic plague, measles, & influenza Historical Skill: killed many natives which brought both environmental & cultural change to the NW |
| Effects of Diseases From the Old World on Indigenous Populations | Years: 1525-1866 CE Important: -no immunity -took out millions of natives -no medicine to cure Historical Skill: native populations wiped out by new diseases which changed the ethnic diversity of America leaving mainly Europeans |
| Global Flow of Silver | Years: 1450-1750 CE Important: - taken over by the Spanish -used natives to mine silver -taken over from the Chinese -used to control/maintain power Historical Skill: whoever controls the silver has lots of power & control |
| New World Cash Crops | Years: n/a Important: -includes: potatoes, cotton, rice, & tobacco Historical Skill: brought lots of $ through exports which was equivalent to the NW gaining more power |
| New World Food Crops | European Introduced Crops: - wheat, rice, & sugar Native American Introduced Crops: - corn & potatoes Historical Skill: led to transfer of new plants/food to Europe & resulted in major environmental & economic changes |
| Asante Empire | Years: 1701-1901 CE Important: - African kingdom on the Gold Coast -participated in the Atlantic Trade -trading slaves, gold, & ivory Historical Skill: West African empire that resisted Britain's penetration & also was active in Atlantic Trade |
| Kingdom of Kongo | Years: 1390-1914 CE Important: -basin of Congo River -several village alliances -active in trade networks Historical Skill: huge contributor in trade routes for ivory & copper (main African exports) |
| Muslim-European Rivalry in the Indian Ocean | Years: 1700-1800 CE Important: -Muslim traders had traditionally dominated trade across huge portions of the Indian Ocean -Portuguese fought back until Britain took control Historical Skill: encouraged Europeans to find new trade routes |
| States With Isolationist Trade Policies | Years: 1603-1867 CE Important:- opposes any commitments to foreign countries & trade agreements -Tokugawa Shogunate enforced self-isolation in 1600 CE Historical Skill: controlled foreign commerce & preserved Japanese culture & traditions |
| Mi'ta System | Years: 15020 -1812 CE Important: - originated from the Incans exploited by the Spanish -the annual requirement of work for the country Historical Skill: exploited by the Spanish to get free labor & led to the decrease of Native populations |
| Encomienda System | Years: 1503-1720 CE Important: -Spanish monarchs allowed Spanish explorers the ability to make indigenous people do the labor & pay taxes Historical Skill: as the Indigenous population decreased this labor system was abolished |
| Hacienda System | Years: 1529-1950 CE Important: - system of large agricultural estates that were developed in the Spanish Empire in the Americas -mainly indebted natives & African slaves Historical Skill: Spaniards were able to profit off of labor & laborers |
| Plantation Economy | Years: 1500-1930 CE Important: -supported by the slaves -used in Americas to grow: cotton, & tobacco -economy based on mass production of agriculture Historical Skill: more demand led to more $ made & labor needed |
| Trading Post Empire | Years: 1150-1750 CE Important: - imperial dominance by control of trade -Portuguese merchants built ports -controlled key points to tax foreigners Historical Skill: controlled trade routes & fell due to not being able to control all the ports |
| Swahili Arabs | Years: 1200-1750 CE Important: - part of Swahili Coast -traded for: pottery, silk, & glassware Historical Skill: showed cultural & commercial exchanges between East African & world |
| Omanis | Years: 1450-1750 CE Important: - building & exporting good ships -exported: frankincense -network of ports & routes Historical Skill: reshaped the Indian Ocean's history & culture |
| Gujaratis | Years: 1200-1900 CE Important: -Western Indian known for trade & manufacturing -exported: cotton textiles, beads, rice, & indigo -imported: gold, ivory, & slaves Historical Skill: spread Muslim beliefs along trade routes |
| Javanese | Years: 1150-1750 CE Important: - islands in SE Asia -produced: spices, silk, rice, sugar, indigo, cotton, cloth, & coffee Historical Skill: able to build their state faster due to profit from desired goods |
| Mercantilism | Years: 1500-1700 CE Important: - used all throughout Europe -economic practice where government gain larger portions of $ leaving less for others Historical Skill: gave European colonizers favorable balance of trade by using their colonies |
| Joint-Stock Companies | Years: 1200 CE (start) Important: -British East Indian Co & Dutch East Indian Co -companies that funded European exploration & colonization Historical Skill: increased European exploration by pooling funds & resources |
| Chattel Slavery | Years: 1600-1800 CE Important: - system where a slave has legal status of property & can be bought/sold Historical Skill: labor increased European social & economic power also supported plantation economies |
| Atlantic Slave Trade | Years: 1526-1867 CE Important: -trade of African slaves to empires/European colonies -coerced from their homes, packed on a tight ship Historical Skill: led to the increase of plantation economies by providing free labor to work the fields |
| Middle Passage | Years: 1527-1867 CE Important: - forced travel of enslaved people across the Atlantic Ocean to NW Historical Skill: cause of a 1/4 of African slaves & supplied the OW with labor to profit off of in the NW |
| Casta System | Years: 1693-1823 CE Important: - peninsulares > creoles > mestizos > natives > enslaved people Historical Skill: social hierarchy that dictated one' s social status, level of taxation, & legal rights |
| Maroon Societies | Years: 1655 (start) Important: -former slaves who escaped & settled in the mountains Historical Skill: huge threat to the European systems of chattel slavery & plantation economies since some freed ones will try & free enslaved people |
Created by:
myah thomas
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