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Post-Classical Era
* = continuation ~ = estimated (1200-1450)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neo-Confucianism | Years: 960 - 1911 CE Important: -women < men - Tang and Song Dynasty (China) -synthesis of Confucianism, T(D)aoism, and Buddhism Historical Skill: Shows a change because it's syncretic |
| Chinese Traditions that Spread to Korea & Heian Japan | Korea: -alphabet hangul (mix of Chinese and Korean) -adopted Confucian values and culture Heian Japan: -influenced art, architecture, education, medicine, & views of afterlife -Kanji (Chinese characters in alphabet ) |
| Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, & Tibetan Buddhism | Theravada Buddhism: - nirvana, arhat, and 3 universal truths Mahayana Buddhism- 3 bodies & every being has potential to unlock inner Buddha nature Tibetan Buddhism- 3 beliefs -all began in India |
| *Nirvana (Theravada Buddhism) | Important: - key part of Buddhism - highest state that one can attain, a state of enlightenment (individual desires & suffering go away) |
| * Arhat (Theravada Buddhism) | Important: - key component of Theravada Buddhism - a person who has achieved the goal of a religious life |
| * 3 Universal Truths (Theravada Buddhism) | Important: - everything is impermanent and changing -impermanence leads to suffering, making life imperfect - The self is not personal & unchanging |
| * 3 Bodies (Mahayana Buddhism) | Important: - dharmakaya ( body of essence); the ultimate reality -sambhogakaya (body of enjoyment); celestial body -nirmanakaya (body of transformation); physical manifestation of Buddha in time and space |
| * 3 Main Beliefs (Tibetan Buddhism) | Important: - 3 Universal Truths -4 Noble Truths - Eightfold Path |
| * 4 Noble Truths (Tibetan Buddhism) | Important: - the truth of (suffering, cause of suffering, the end of suffering, & the path that leads to the end of suffering) -key part of Tibetan Buddhism |
| Champa Rice | Years: 990 CE-now Important: given to China from Vietnam (tribute) - is resistant to abiotic & biotic stressors - traded on grand canals (big part of Chinese diet) Historical Skill: drought resistant and grows fast |
| Steel and Iron Production | Years: 800 CE-now Important: -new methods of production increased profit, quality, variety of iron & steel used in other things -used to make: nails, chains, knives, etc. Historical Skill: more money to support China's growing population |
| Grand Canal | Years: 468 BC & 609 CE (rebuilt) Important: - expanded trade in China -helped get things to and from SE Asia -increased profits through trade Historical Skill: went from horses to faster boats |
| Seljuk Empire | Years: 1037- 1194 CE Important: - ruler went from "khagan" to "sultan" -spread Islam (unity to ME & N Africa - one sultanate became the Ottomans Historical Skill: the fall of Seljuk created the Ottoman Empire |
| Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt | Years: 1250-1517 CE Important: -ruled by a military caste of mamluks (sultan) -founded Northern India - destroyed Crusader kingdoms of Outremer Historical Skill: went from freed slaves to military caste |
| Delhi Sultanates | Years: 1206-1526 CE Important: - Delhi= largest cities in all of Islam -Muslim kingdom that ruled parts of India (5 dynasties) -founded by Turkic slave general Historical Skill: The religion of the ruler was the same |
| Advances in Mathematics | Years: 1201 CE- present day Important: -Nasir al -Din al- Tusi (creator of trig) - mathematical models to aid in astronomy -algebra/Arabic numerals Historical Skill: went from Roman numerals to Arabic |
| Advances in Literature (A'ishah al-Ba'uniyya) | Years: 1460- 1507 CE Important: - Sufi poet & mystic -female Muslim writer in Baghdad -composed more Arabic works than any other lady Historical Skill: recognized for work in time of patriarchy |
| Advances in Medicine | Years: 650- present day Important: -Muslims first to preform surgery - developed practices and techniques - formed modern medicine Historical Skill: before medicine they thought God cured illnesses |
| Preservation of Commentaries on Greek Moral & Natural Philosophy | Years: 1200 CE- present day Important: -Aristotle & Pluto - allowed modern day use of their work -translated into Arabic Historical Skill: Aristotle & Pluto's philosophies were taught the same |
| House of Wisdom | Years: 754- 1258 CE Important: -renowned center of learning (Abbasid, Baghdad) - contained preserved works of scholarship - works from Euro-Asia Historical Skill: work not preserved before and can now share knowledge |
| Scholarly & Cultural Transfers in Muslim & Christian Spain | Muslim Spain: - brought wealthy customers with books - ancient wisdom, new learning, & literature Christian Spain: - theologians sent to discover Aristotle - forced English -conquered Spain |
| Sufism | Years: 632-1925 CE Important: -missionaries for Islam - recruited/converted many people -purification of the soul (get rid of material things) Historical Skill: changed amount of Muslims (more) |
| Bhakti Movement | Years: 600-1600 CE Important: -principles of monotheism & mostly criticized idol worship -challenged caste system - preached that salvation can only be attained by God Historical Skill: led to more commitment to God |
| Buddhist Monasticism Hindu/Buddhist States | Buddhist States: mainland China, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Tibet, Hong Kong, Cambodia, & Singapore Hindu States: SE Asia Historical Skill: increased religious influence in governments |
| Vijayanagara Empire | Years: 1336-1646 CE Important: -dominated the political & cultural landscape -found by former chieftains of Delhi Sultanate - "City of Victory" Historical Skill: religion went from Hinduism to Islam & back |
| Srivijaya Empire | Years: 650-1275 CE Important: - controlled 2 major passageways between China & India -Buddhist -traded: ivory, spices, sandalwood, & medicinal ale Historical Skill- stayed the control center of the Straits until their fall |
| Rajput Kingdoms | Years: 647-1200 CE Important: -Hindu - Muslim attacks from North India -heredity clans that believed they were descended from warriors Historical Skill- main obstacle for Muslim domination of Hindu India |
| Khmer Empire | Years: 802-1431 CE Important: - modern day Myanmar & Cambodia - Pagan & Angor Wat = centers of territorial states - Hindu Historical Skill- Khmer owned Angkor until the Tai people captured it |
| *Angkor Wat | Years: 1150 CE Important: -largest religious monument in the world -dedicated to Hindu gods: Shiva, Brahma, & Vishnu - shows how Hinduism and Buddhism were accepted by rulers & people of SE Asia |
| Majapahit | Years: 1293-1527 CE Important: - Javanese Hindu maritime empire - greatest & most powerful empire in Indonesia & SE Asia -successfully controlled many territories Historical Skill- island empire to most powerful empire of its time |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | Years: 1238-1438 CE Important: - Thailand -invention & development of many unique traits in Thai culture Historical Skill- layed the foundation of Thai alphabet and politics |
| Sinhala Dynasty | Years: 377 BCE-1815 CE Important: - monarch also held judicial power (caste system) - Buddhism shaped the basis of their law - known for stone sculptures & inscriptions Historical Skill: example of the spread of Buddhism |
| Feudalism | Years: 800-1400 CE Important: -decentralized political arrangement from land & loyalty -king> nobles> vessels (knights)> serfs Historical Skill: created a social hierarchy which led to tension & new empires/sultanates |
| Manorial System | Years: Late Roman Empire Important: -system of economic/political relations between landlord & serfs -supported feudalism -created generational poverty Historical Skill: Made the Mamluk Sultanate (made of just serfs) |
| Serfdom | Years: Late Roman Empire Important: -institutional system that obligated a peasant to provide forced labor services to his landlord in exchange to be able to use their land Historical Skills: went from slavery to serfdom (so landlords can profit) |
| Three-Field System | Years: 500-1500 CE (adopted) Important: - invented in China and adopted by Europe - one field for wheat, another for barley, & an empty one -rotated empty one to keep soil fresh Historical Skill: example of diffusion of Chinese culture |
| Primogeniture | Years: 1000 CE Important: - first son would inherit everything - if they were royal the second son would become a knight Historical Skill: contributor to the patriarchy since it was only men who inherited things at the time |
| Bourgeoisie | Years: 1000 CE Important: - wealthy merchants -revolutionized industry & modernized society Historical Skill: before merchants were their own class but the bourgeoisie monopolized new technology to put themselves on the map |
| Lay Investiture Controversy | Years: 1075-1124 CE Important: -ability of secular rulers to appoint/invest individuals in church/religious positions -common in Europe Historical Skill: led to many conflicts between secular rulers & religious powers in Europe |
| The Great Schism | Years: 1378-1417 CE Important: -led to the Roman Catholic & Western Orthodox Christians - started when Patriarch of Constantinople (Michael Cervantes) was excommunicated Historical Skill: led to formation of a new branch of Christianity |
| Marco Polo | Years: 1254-1324 CE Important: went from Italy to Asia & the distant Mongol Empire & back - 1st to document voyage Historical Skill: documented useful information of geography that was used during the European age of travel & discovery |
| The Great Zimbabwe | Years: 1200-1400 CE Important: -large & wealthy global trading network -agriculture, cattle raising/processing & working with metals Historical Skill: was a major trading hub, organized civilization, & strong labor force |
| Ethiopia | Years: 1270-1974 CE Important: -centralized through a king -built large stone churches -traded in the Mediterranean Historical Skill: one of few Christian empires in Africa with great power & trading presence |
| Hausa Kingdoms | Years: 800-1400 CE Important: -formed a powerful & important alliance of African Kingdoms -had great influence over sub-Saharan trade routes -independent political entities Historical Skill: worked as confederation & important trade centers |
| Maya City-States | Years: 200-900 CE Important: -decentralized city-sates led by god kings -had warfare to take land & capture enemies -bad soil (no farming) Historical Skill: important architecture, astronomy, medicine, & math |
| Mexica/Aztecs | Years: 1300- 1521 CE Important: - known for architecture, land, art, & agriculture -migrated from homeland Aztlan (Mexico) -1st to celebrate "Day of the Dead" Historical Skill: their inventions used in modern day |
| Inca | Years: 1438-1533 CE Important: -Incan roads (transport things in empire) - 4 different divisions -storehouse with materials to stock up in case of emergency/war Historical Skill: tech proved how organized and advanced the civilization was |
| Chaco | Years: 850-1250 CE Important: -elaborate roads -highly skilled astronomers -dominant turquoise ornament production -regional commerce up to Mesoamerica Historical Skill: advanced trade industry |
| Mesa Verde | Years: 550-1300 CE Important: -largest complex of Anasazi cliff-dwellings (buildings) -used for ceremonies & councils -in between 4 states (CO, AR, UT, NM) Historical Skill: gave modern people a glance into earlier times |
| Cahokia | Years: 600 -1300 CE Important: -largest native American urban center in US -population of 20,000 -planned city -organized cooperative labor force Historical Skill: shows how organized & how advanced of a civilization they had |
| Kashgar | Years: 130 BCE-1453 CE Important: -located at the foot of the Pamirs mountains & vast dessert -suppressed Muslim population -The Grand Bazaar trading market Historical Skill: caravanserai and huge trade market in China |
| Samarkand | Years: 600 BCE-1220 CE Important: -mixing pot of religions & cultures -ruled by many empires -huge trading hotspot on the Silk Road Historical Skill: caravanserai hotspot with culture diversity & huge trade markets |
| Bills of Exchange | Years: 700 CE Important: -IOU (I owe you $) -questionable banking practice -allowed merchants to deposit $ in one place & document as well Historical Skill: founded in Italy & used internationally |
| Banking Houses | Years: 2000 BCE Important: - came from wealthy merchants who wanted to change, keep, and loan $ -handled transactions for wealthy people Historical Skill: before people couldn't loan, keep, & change $ now they can |
| Use of Paper Money | Years: 800 CE- now Important: - established in China -originally called "flying money" -easier to carry & less obvious Historical Skill: once used by only merchants but now used by government as well |
| Transfer of Greco-Islamic Medical Knowledge to Western Europe | Years: 1000 CE Important: -Mongols transferred medical knowledge through crusades -Greco-Islamic highlighted span & effect of Mongol influence in cultural exchange Historical Skill: crusades influenced cultural exchange between Asia & Europe |
| Transfer of Numbering Systems to Europe | Years: 900 CE Important: - Arabic number system -reached Europe through Mongol crusades -demonstrate Mongol influence in cultural exchange Historical Skill: Mongol crusades positively impacted cultural exchange |
| Adoption of Uyghur Script | Years: 1204 CE Important: -alphabet (Uyghur) -adopted script to unify Mongols & Uyghurs - selected well educated people to represent Mongols Historical Skill: adopted the script to unify the Mongols & Uyghurs |
| City-States of the Swahili Coast | Years: 800-1500 CE Important: -growth due to commercial life -traded: gold, ivory, quartz, leopard skins, & slaves -urban city, politically independent Historical Skill: largest East African civilization in Indian Ocean trade |
| Gujarat | Years: 700-900 CE Important: -growth of ports trade expanded power -exports: cotton textiles & indigo -known for quilts & jewels Historical Skill: huge contributor in the spread of Islam because of growing exports |
| Sultanate of Malacca | Years: 1300 -1407 CE Important: - went from fishing town to largest city in SE Asia -culturally diverse Historical Skill: largest & powerful city in SE Asia & tribute with China helped it become a big commercial city |
| Arab & Persian Communities in East Africa | Years: 800- 1100 CE Important: - became key players in all trade routes -established a commercial colony in Canton -brought Islam & culture to areas they settled Historical Skill: an contributor to the spread of Islam & Islamic culture |
| Chinese Merchant Communities in SE Asia | Years: 900-1300 CE Important: - launched large ship with 27,000 people -went on expeditions to add to their tribute -showed off how rich & powerful China was Historical Skill: voyages to show off wealth/power & get more tributes |
| Malay Communities in the Indian Ocean Basin | Years: 670-1025 CE Important: -opened all- sea route between India & China -goods: gold & spices -earned $ from taxing passing ships -used that $ for security Historical Skill: brought many desired goods to the trading routes |
| Camel Saddle | Years: 500- 100 BCE Important: - helped trade by providing an efficient way to carry goods -brought many merchants & people to different places Historical Skill: before travelled on foot now can travel faster on animal with storage |
| Caravans | Years: 1400 CE Important:- group of merchants travelling together to markets - decreased risk of goods & merchants lost during travel - growth of civilizations Historical Skill: decreased the risk factors of traveling to markets |
| The Influence of Buddhism in East Asia | Years: 206 BCE Important: -spread by travelers -led to the rise of Neo-Confucianism -main religion in East Asia Historical Skill: led to the rise of syncretic religion Neo-Confucianism which was big to maintain rule in East Asia |
| The Spread of Hinduism & Buddhism into SE Asia | Years: 250 BCE Important: -spread by trade in India & the Silk Road -Buddhist schools in Java -Angkor Wat (Hindu & Buddhist temple) -Buddhism created inclusion of traditions Historical Skill: united civilization in SE Asia |
| The Spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa & Asia | Years: 632 CE Important: - facilitated rise of political empires -encouraged trade & wealth -increased the traffic in slavery - rulers used to stay in power Historical Skill: led to the increase of religious authority |
| Gunpowder from China | Years: 142 CE Important: -founded on quest for a life-extending elixir - used in first guns -used to make fireworks Historical Skill: without gunpowder we wouldn't have modern day things: guns, canons, fireworks etc. |
| Paper from China | Years: 105 CE Important: -helped spread literature -made books cheaper & easier to use - led to the spread of Buddhism & Neo-Confucius art & literature Historical Skill: led to the spread of literature & literacy with cheaper & easier use |
| Ibn Battuta | Years: 1304-1369 CE Important: -travelled Afro-Eurasia - log gave people a glimpse of the world during his time - spent almost 30 years travelling Historical Skill: Muslim traveler that gave people today an idea of what life then was like |
| Margery Kempe | Years: 1373-1430 CE Important: -English Christian mystic -wrote 1st autobiography (The Book of Margery Kempe) -insight on her life in late medieval England Historical Skill: gives people today an idea of what life was like during her time |
| Bananas in Africa | Years: 300-500 CE Important:- in Madagascar -increased the supply of food & healthier diets -led to rapid increase of empires Historical Skill-diffusion of bananas brought change to their culture and agricultural practices |
| New Rice Varieties in East Asia | Years: 900 CE Important: - fast ripening rice - increased harvests - more food led to larger population Historical Skill: led to an increase in population which eventually became overpopulation which caused conflict in the future |
| The Spread of Citrus in the Mediterranean | Years: 900 CE Important: - origin in South & SE Asia made its way to the Mediterranean - changed the diet & economic activities Historical Skill: brought change to the culture & economics in the Mediterranean |
Created by:
myah thomas
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