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World History

Ancient Civilizations

TermDefinition
Mesopotamian Civilization
Egyptian Civilization The Egyptians were surrounded by desert on three sides and the Mediterranean Sea on one side. This geography placement insulated Egypt from its enemies, as any invading force would have to cross a desert or sail across the Mediterranean to reach Egypt.96
Kush Civilization
Hebrew Civilization Israel(the ancient Hebrew nation) is in a trade intersection of multiple major civilizations – giving it a distinct advantage in trade.
Greek Civilization The Greek city-states, while Greek in name, were very independent in culture and values (think Athens v. Sparta) due to the difficulty of overland travel in the mountainous Greek topography. Also Greek artists, playwrights, and philosophers.
Indian Civilization
Chinese Civilization Chinese civilization developed in the valleys of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It has given the world the two great philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism. The Chinese also introduced paper and gunpowder.
Roman Civilization The legacy of the Roman Republic and Empire; language, law, art. Rome also gave us a code of laws, a written constitution, a tripartite government, a system of checks and balances, and the concept of civic duty.
Civilization Teachers should be aware of the hidden moral bias in the term, “Civilization”. The word generally refers to societies with a dominant urban core, writing, hierarchical political system, and agricultural economic base.
Archeology and ancient texts We have two sources of information about ancient societies: archeology and ancient texts. Students should understand the benefits and deficiencies of both. Texts must be read critically, since most were written by biased observers and conquerors.
Visual Aides when teaching History The expansion of empires and the annexation of territories can best be demonstrated by maps. Tables and graphs require interpretation and analysis of the data presented. Charts are used to compare two or more items, usually with numerical data.
Pre-Colombian America After Columbus’s voyage to the Americas in 1492, the Spanish expanded their empire into the Americas by sending conquistadores, administrators to rule them, and Catholic missionaries to convert them. Spanish expansion and rule lasted from 1492 to 1898.
Pre-Colombian America: The Mayas agricultural; lived in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Mexico. With hieroglyphics; sophisticated knowledge of math and astronomy; centers; temples, palaces, and stepped pyramids; carvings and reliefs, ceramics, murals; ritual ball courts; calendar.
Pre-Colombian America: The Aztecs agriculturalists: lived in Mexico. They spoke Nahuatl. Their social structure was hierarchical, based on nobles and commoners, worshipped a pantheon of deities. Produced codices, poetry, drama, music, ceramics, body ornaments, pyramids, temples, palaces.
Pre-Colombian America: Incas The Incas constituted the largest of the pre-Columbian empires. Originating in Peru, the Inca empire eventually grew to incorporate parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Quechua, still spoken today, was the official language.
Ancient Civilizations The ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, and Rome produced pottery, glass, wall murals, jewelry, architecture, and sculpture. They also developed writing, alphabets and hieroglyphics, metalworking, standardized weights and measure.
History and the _________ are interested in understanding how societies originated, developed, and _______. History and the social sciences are interested in understanding how societies originated, developed, and declined; organization economically and politically; how people relate to one another in kinship groups; art they produced; and their belief systems.
The Decline of the Roman Empire Lost its power around 476 CE; corruption and competition between military commanders, weakened Rome’s political structure until the Germanic tribes, overthrew Augustus, the last emperor of the west. Rome’s fall marks the beginning of the Middle Ages.
Incas: religion and goods Their main deity was a sun god, and their king was considered a child of the sun god. The Inca people produced ceramics, gold and silver items, and metallurgy, and their healers performed successful skull surgery.
Incas: Agricultural system Their agricultural system was based on terrace agriculture on steep mountain slopes and used sophisticated engineering technologies, including retaining walls and river diversion.
Created by: arielhill
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