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AP World Ch. 4.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Italy | controlled waterways between Europe & Asia, controlled flow of goods. encouraged Spain, Portugal, France, & England to search to new water routes to Asia in search of the three G's )God, Glory, Gold) |
| Mercantilism | sell more than you buy to increase your wealth -Europeans wanted to find waterway to Asia |
| Portugal | heaviest supporter of exploration |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | 1st European monarch to finance sea travel (in search of all-water route to the East) |
| Bartholomew Diaz | 1st to sail around tip of Africa |
| Vasco da Gama | sailed (further East than Diaz) to India. set up ports in India (first stop toward creation of their trading post empire) |
| Portuguese Dominance | -superior weapons & navigational tech -went to China, missionaries followed, but China didn't like this & closed doors to trade |
| Afonso de Albuquerque (Portugal) | -won battle against Arab traders, won Port of Malacca -allowed them to dominate Indian & African coasts |
| Trading Post Empires | -Portugal built armed trading posts around India & Africa -1st trading post empire -restricted India ocean trade to those willing to buy permit |
| Portuguese Vulnerability | -small nation, lacking workers -corruption by merchants & gov't officials -overpowered by English in India & Dutch in Malacca -go to Japan, bring missionaries, Japan doesn't like this & closes doors to trade |
| Spanish ships | -first to circumnavigate globe, sponsored by Ferdinand Magellan -Spain annexed Manila near Philippines, become Spanish commercial center, w/ many Filipinos becoming Christian |
| China | -bought into silver trade -transported on giant ships (galleons) -gov't becomes dominant force in global economy, made Spain & Europe insanely rich |
| France | -sponsored expeditions in search of NW Passage in 1500s |
| Jacques Cartier | -sailed from Atlantic ocean to Northern U.S. -didn't find water-route to Asia, but claimed part of (what is now) Canada for France -France didn't need to look for way to Asia anymore (realized there were lots of resources in N. America) -France heavily |
| Quebec | -French fur trading post -Missionaries tried converting Natives to Christianity -French rarely settled permanently -> traded furs trapped by Natives to sell them ->better relationships w/ Natives as a result ->settlements grew more slo |
| England | -searching for NW Passage w/ John Cabot |
| John Cabot | -claimed lands in New World -England unable to defend itself against strong Armada, but they defeated them (shockingly) in 1588 -England dominant navel force of world |
| Jamestown | -1st permanent English settlement (1607) -settled 1st joint-stock companies -Dutch sent Henry Hudson to East count of N. America to search for NW Passage (1609) |
| Henry Hudson | -didn't find NW Passage -sailed to Hudson River (as known now) -explorations were valuable to Dutch (they claimed Hudson River & Valley of Manhattan) -called it New Amsterdam -port was hugely prosperous (near major river flowing into ocean) |
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