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RNA quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene regulation | How a cells controls which cells are expressed or turned on (Ex: during development genes are turned on or off to make a nerve cell look and act differently than a blood cell or a muscle cell |
| Bacteria can... | only transcribe the genes necessary for the cell to function at that moment |
| Lac operon | breaks down lactose (turned on when lactose is present, off when no lactose is present) |
| Operon | a group of genes that are regulated together |
| The Lac Operon: | - 3 genes that control how the bacteria uses lactose as food - Operator: represses the lac gene (turns it on) when a lac repressor protein binds there - Promoter: site where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription (turns on lac gene) |
| TATA box: | a short section of DNA (25-30 bases long) that marks a point before a gene to help RNA polymerase determine where to start transcription |
| Transcription Factors: | help facilitate transcription to control the expression of certain genes |
| RNA Interference: | blocking gene expression with a miRNA silencing complex (silences certain parts of the RNA molecule) |
| Homeotic Genes: | master control genes that regulate organ development in certain parts of the body |
| Homeobox Genes: | a similar DNA sequence in homeotic genes that code for information to activate genes used in differentiation |
| Environmental factors... | have an influence on gene expression (like temperature, salt content, nutrient availability, etc) |
| Point Mutations: | a gene mutation that occurs at a single point in the DNA sequence |
| Substitutions: | one base is changed into a different base - usually only affects one amino acid if any |
| Insertions: | one base is inserted into DNA sequence - called a frameshift mutation - can change every amino acid from mutation on |
| Deletions: | one base is deleted from DNA sequence - called a frameshift mutation - can change every amino acid from mutation on |
| How Does the Double-Helix Unzip? | Separated the two strands of the double-helix by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds between bases, forms the replication fork where each strand is exposed, |
| DNA Polymearse: | Uses each strand as a template to build a complementary strand, creates two identical DNA strands, proofreads each copy. |
| Telomeres: | tips of eukaryotic chromosomes - really hard to replicate so they use a special enzyme to help (to make sure that they are replicated correctly) |
| Telomearse: | enzyme that helps add telomeres to the DNA as it’s replicating - helps prevent genes from being damaged or lost during replication |
| Prokaryotic DNA Replication | DNA- in a circular shape, not double-helix, proteins bind to the DNA to trigger the S phase (copying), starts at a single point, copies in two directions until completed, mutates faster because prokaryote organisms (bacteria) doesn't have DNA Polymearse |
| Inversion: | reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome |
| Translocation: | part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome |
| Parts of an RNA nucleotide | a nitrogenous base, sugar called ribose, and a phosphate group. |
Created by:
28catalanoa
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