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WWI

Terms

TermDefinition
Militarism A policy which glorifies military power and keeps an army prepared for war. European nations believed truly great nations = having a powerful military.
Nationalism Pride for one's country
Otton von Bismarck Used war to unify Germany & declared it a "satisfied power". Believed France was the greatest threat to peace because they still wanted revenge for Franco-Prussian war.
Kaiser Wilhelm II Ruler of Germany. MILITARISM, breaks alliances causing people to be dragged into war. Forced Bismarck to resign and cut Bismarck's treaty with Russia, so Russia joins the Triple Entente. Germany signs armistice and citizens blame him for all troubles.
The Balkans A mountainous peninsula in the SE corner of Europe. Considered the“powder-keg” of Europe. Broke away from Ottoman Turk rule.
The Black Hand A secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule. Gavrilo Princip, Franz Ferdinand’s assassinator, was a member.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to Austria-Hungary throne, assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. The assassination was a mere coincidence in their paths.
Schlieffen Plan A battle strategy called for attacking France in the west and attacking Russia in the east. Germany realized Russia didn't have a railroad system so it would take longer to supply its front lines and they recognized France's victory. Had to be QUICK.
Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman empire.
Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russian, then Japan and Italy.
Mobilization Preparing troops for war. Russia was moving all their troops to Germany, made Kaiser Wilhelm II scared.
Western Front Northern France, a deadlocked (stalemate) region. France, Belgium, Germany
Eastern Front Along the German and Russian border. Russia, Austria-Hungary; Russians and Serbs battled Germans and Austro-Hungarians.
Trench Warfare Opposing armies dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. Had horrible conditions for the soldiers.
Stalemate A situation in which neither opposing countries have the upper hand. Nothing is advancing.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Submarines sink ships (including civilian ships) without warning. Used mainly by Germans.
Zimmerman Note German foreign secretary sent a telegram to Mexico to help regain their American land. Decoded by Britain, given to the U.S. The final action that compelled the US to join the Great War.
Total War Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort.
Rationing People could only buy small amounts of items that were also used for the war effort.
Propaganda One-sided information designed to persuade and keep up morale and support for the war.
Armistice A general agreement to stop fighting.
Reparations Payments for war damages; Germany was forced to pay Allies $33 billion over 30 years.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The treaty between Russia and Germany that ended Russia’s involvement in the war. Russia lost Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, some of Poland, some of Romania.
1st Battle of the Marne The Schlieffen Plan is destroyed
2nd Battle of the Marne The beginning of Germany's downfall
Woodrow Wilson One of the Big Three. Created the 14 points of peace proposals. Main idea was self-determination. Participated in League of Nations
Georges Clemenceau One of the Big Three. Wanted Germany to give up territory, reduce their military, punish Germany etc.
David Lloyd George One of the Big Three. They want Germany to pay (like reparations).
Fourteen Points President Woodrow Wilson's plan for achieving a just and lasting peace after the war. Main idea was focused on self-determination
Self-Determination Allowed people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live.
League of Nations An international peace organization; enemy and neutral nations excluded. Germany and Russia excluded.
Treaty of Versailles Resulted in League of Nations, territorial losses, military restrictions, and the "war guilt" clause.
Franz Ferdinand's Assassination June 28, 1914. In Sarajevo (Bosnia)
Created by: stardif26
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