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APUSH Period 5 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stephen Douglas | Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine |
| Matthew C. Perry | Commodore who steamed into harbor Tokyo in 1854; said "We have met the enemy and they are ours: two ships, two brigs, one sloop and a schooner."; persuaded the Japanese in 1854 to sign a memorable treaty |
| Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading hundreds of other slaves to freedom in the North |
| Underground Railroad | abolitionists secret aid to escaping slaves, a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North |
| Compromise of 1850 | signed by Millard Fillmore deals with disputed territory, and the controversy of whether CA should join. CA joined as a free state, and what was left of the Mexican Cession land became NM and UT, and did not restrict slavery. North more than the South. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Set up popular sovereignty in the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska |
| Free-Soil Party | A political party with the main purpose of stopping the expansion of slavery in western territories, arguing free men on free soil. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, which irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. |
| John Brown | Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately, involved in the Pottawatomie Massacre, he was tried, convicted of treason and hung... he became a martyr. |
| “Know-Nothing” Party | major political force with the objective to extend period of naturalization, undercut immigrant voting strengths, and keep aliens in their place |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | 1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate |
| Harper's Ferry Raid | Oct, 1859. John Brown tried to create a major revolt among the slaves. wanted to ride down the river and provide the slaves with weapons, but he failed to get the slaves organized he was captured. The effects: South saw the act as treason |
| Charles Sumner | Abolitionist senator whose verbal attack on the South provoked a physical assault that severely injured him |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth |
| Robert E. Lee | American soldier, refused Lincoln's offer to head Union army and lead Confederate forces. He successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg, and he surrendered to the Union's commander General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. |
| Jefferson Davis | First and only president of the Confederate States of America after the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the secession of many southern states. |
| The Tenure of Office Act | enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah; example of total war and "scorched-earth" military tactics. |
| John Wilkes Booth | an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865. |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th President of the United States, A Southerner Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Amendment abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of committing a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude. |
| Freedman's Bureau | Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs |
| Lincoln’s Plan | Introduced by President Lincoln, it proposed that a state be readmitted to the Union once 10 percent of its voters had pledged loyalty to the United States and promised to honor emancipation of slaves. |
| Radical Republicans | After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South. |
| Black Codes | laws enacted by Southern state legislatures to give whites power over blacks; laws were overrideen by Congress when the powers of the Freedmen's Bureau were widened and when the First Civil Rights Act was passed 1866 in defense of African American rights. |
| Sharecropping | A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. |
| Radical Republican Plan | Name given to when Congress, took over Reconstruction efforts.punish south, protect former slaves; US military occupation of South, Confederate military leaders needed pardon to hold office, protect Blacks right to vote |
| Fourteenth Amendment | 1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude |
| Scalawags | a term for a southern white in the post-civil war era the supported reconstruction. |
| Carpetbaggers | derogatory term for Northerners who migrated south during Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their fortunes by buying land from desperate Southerners and by manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Post-Civil War terrorist organization. founded to fight the growing "influence" of POC, Jews, and Catholics in US society. founded by ex-confed. soldiers. Acts of terrorism: Murder, Lynching, Arson, Rape, bombings. |
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