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= Path MS
= Path Musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 types of joints (functional) | diarthrosis (freely moveable) Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) Synarthrosis (no movement) |
| Types of diarthrotic joints | ball and socket ellipsoid hinge flat saddle pivot |
| 3 structural classifications of joints | fibrous cartilaginous synovial |
| Types of fibrous joints | gomphorsis suture syndesmosis |
| Types of cartilaginous joint | synchondrosis symphysis |
| Types of synovial joints | gliding hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal smooth cardiac |
| functions of muscle | contract to produce movement, sustain body posture and position, maintain body temperature, store nutrients, and stabilize joints. |
| contractile unit of muscle | sarcomere |
| functions of bone | locomotion, include support and protection of soft tissues, calcium, and phosphate storage and harboring of bone marrow |
| structures of bone | osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteoid, bone marrow, nerves and blood supply |
| structures of long bone | diaphysis (houses medullary cavity and yellow bone marrow), epiphysis (houses trabeculae and red bone marrow) |
| According to Werner the definition of fascia is | group of connective tissue which can be thick or thin, dense or loose, tight or elastic, with vast proprioceptor and sensory nerve innervation |
| Contractile force of fascia is | myofibroblasts |
| function of fascia | separating layers of other tissues, providing lubricated gliding surfaces, protective covering for organs and joints |
| Tendons connect _____ to _______ | muscle to bone |
| Ligaments connect ________ to _________ | bone to bone |
| function of cruciate ligaments | provide stabilization inside the synovial joint |
| function of collateral ligaments | provide stabilization from outside the synovial joint |
| Definition of trigger point | tender area in a muscle that causes generalized musculoskeletal pain when overstimulated, taut band, can cause a twitch response or jump sign |
| satellite trigger point | a trigger point is characterized by a distal area of pain |
| Active trigger point | painful muscle or fascial nodule with or without muscle contraction and/or palpation |
| Latent trigger point | nonpainful muscle or fascial nodule until palpated |
| Tender points | Tender points are areas of tenderness occurring in muscle, muscle-tendon junction, bursa, or fat pad. Can give the body an overall sense of pain |
| Local twitch response | A spinal cord reflex. The twitching signals a release of the contracture knot, and helps to restore normal muscle length and tension. |
| Jump sign | Jump or involuntary reflex–like movement of the patient that is disproportionate to the amount of pressure exerted, is reproducible, and may correspond to the degree of irritability of the trigger point. |
| Which condition is characterized by trigger points | Myofascial Pain Syndrome |
| Which condition is characterized by tender points | Fibromyalgia |
| Strain | pulled muscle involving a tear of myofibrils and producing scar tissue |
| sprain | tears to ligaments |
| osteoblasts vrs osteoclasts | osteoblasts (build bone tissue "Bob the builder") octeoclasts (break down bone tissue) |
| Spasm or cramp | involuntary contraction of voluntary muscle, can be painful, involve whole muscles or muscle groups |
| twitching | painless momentary contraction |
| Possible treatments during the pain-spasm ischemia cycle | massage, heat or ice, local application of ointments that cause heat and cold (vetiver (warming and antispasmodic), deep blue, bio freeze, helichrysum (anti-inflammatory),peppermint (circulation, cooling)) |
| Osgood-Schlatter's Disease | involves insertion of quadriceps, typically affects adolescent athletes, can cause ripping of the tibial tuberosity off the tibia |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | genetic, progressive wasting away of muscle groups. Massage can assist muscle function, respiration. |
| Comorbidities of MD | Possible IQ effects, ADHD, OCD, seizures, postural deviations, muscular contractures, heart failure, pneumonia, pressure sores, osteoporosis |
| osteopenia | reduced bone mass of lesser severity than osteoporosis. |
| Baker's cyst | synovial cyst in the popliteal fossa |
| Gout | Joint inflammation related to chemical imbalances, contraindicated |
| Osteoarthritis | synovial joints loose healthy cartilage. Related to age, wear and tear, inflammation, biomechanics. Pain in spine, knees, and hips. distal finger joints and saddle joint (thumb). Women and men affected equally |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 1.5% or population, Women 2-3x as often as men, men can have systemic symptoms, can occur in children. Usually occurs in hands, wrists, feet and ankles |
| Hallux Valgus | bunion/ laterally deviated big toe |
| Septic Arthritis | Infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues. Different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi can infect a joint. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Contraindicated |
| Tendinosis | Degeneration of the tendon's collagen in response to chronic overuse. Most common musculoskeletal disease. |
| Hyperkyphosis | Overdeveloped thoracic curve. Can be trauma, surgery, postural deviation induced. "hunchback" |
| Hypolordosis | Overdeveloped lumbar curve. Can be isolated or in association with obesity, disc disease, spondylolisthesis. "swayback" |
| Scoliosis | Lateral C or reverse C, S or reverse S of the spine. Can occur as infants, young children, children, teens, or adults. |
| Scheuermann"s disease | type of hyperkyphotic especially in young men. "Hunchback" |
| Lyme disease | Spread by tick bite of deer tick or Western black legged tick. Signs include red bulls-eye rash with heat, itchiness, but not raised or flaky. |
| bruxism | teeth grinding |
| malocclusion | dysfunctional bite |
| TMJD | temporomandibular joint disorder. affects structures around the jaw that can include malocclusion, bruxism, and loose jaw ligaments. |
| Dupuytren Contracture/ palmar fibromatosis | idiopathic thickening and shrinking of the palmar fascia of that limits ROM of the fingers. Generally affects ring and pinky fingers, index and middle finger may also be affected. |
| Osteogenesis | genetic mutation which impairs bone quality due to collagen fibers. Bones may be brittle and weakened. Exercise, healthy diet, and massage (with light pressure and no compressive forces) may improve muscle mass and strength |
| connective tissue | loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, dense fibrous connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, cartilage, osseous tissue (bone), and blood |
| types of muscle contractions | concentric: pulling the ends toward the center eccentric: preventing the uncontrolled lengthen of a muscle Isotonic: contraction keeping the same tone or level of tension Isometric: contraction keeping the same muscle length |
| pseudohypertrophy | sign of MD: calf or thigh muscles appear to be too large, mostly adipose tissue rather than muscular tissue |
| osteopenia | Reduced bone mass of lesser severity than osteoporosis. Often related to radiation and chemotherapy. |
| spondylitis | inflammation of spinal joints |
| Adhesive capsulitis | frozen shoulder cycling through freezing- frozen - thaw |
| hyperuricemia | an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood, associated especially with the disease gout |
| dysplasia | an increase in abnormal cell growth or development |
| arthroplasty | joint replacement surgery |
| PFPS | patellofemoral pain syndrome |
| pes planus | "flat foot" common foot deformity and is defined by the loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot where it contacts or nearly contacts the ground. Causes gastroc shortening, knee valgus deformity, internal rotation of leg (eversion) |
| pes cavas | "caved feet" elevation of the longitudinal arch of the foot: a high arched foot (inversion) can cause lower limb fractures, IT Band friction syndrome, back pain, tripping |
| plantar heel pain syndrome | PF, plantar fasciitis |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| disc disease | intervertebral disc degeneration |
| cauda equina syndrome | disc material compresses nerve cells between T1 and S5 |
| TOS | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
| MPS | Myofascial Pain Syndrome |
| MTrP | Myofascial Trigger Point |
| The human body has ____ bursae | 160 |
| shin splints | Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS), tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, traction periostitis, stress fractures |
| CAD | cervical acceleration-deceleration |
| MVA | Motor Vehicle Accidents |
Created by:
Zenfenn
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