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8thUnit 1 Vocabulary

8th Grade Discovery Education Vocab Terms

TermDefinition
Acceleration A change in the velocity.
Atmosphere The layers of gases that surround a planet.
Contact The act of touching.
Earth The third planet from the Sun.
Force A pull or push that is applied to an object.
Frame of Reference An item against which the motion of an object can be measured.
Friction A force that opposes the motion of a body across a surface or through a gas or liquid.
Kinetic Energy The energy an object has due to its motion. It is one half the product of the object's mass and the square of its speed.
Kinetic Friction Resistive force between two objects moving pass each other. Objects appearing smooth are rough when you examine them on a microscopic level. This roughness makes it difficult for two objects to slide past each other.
Magnitude Size of ground movement caused by seismic waves due to energy released.
Mass The amount of matter in an object.
Newton's Law The three fundamental laws Isaac Newton discovered governing the motion of objects.
Newton's First Law "An object in motion stays in motion, unless acted on by a force. An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force."
Newton's Second Law "Force is the product of mass and acceleration."
Newton's Third Law "For every action force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force."
Orbit The circular path of an object as it revolves around another object.
Potential Energy The amount of energy that is stored in an object; energy that an object has because of its position relative to other objects.
Speed Distance traveled per unit of time.
Surface The top of an object; the outside of an object; the boundary between two objects or materials.
Velocity The speed and direction of moving objects.
Weight The force of gravity on an object.
Work A force applied to an object over a distance.
Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created out of nothing, nor can it be completely destroyed. Energy can only change its form.
Density An object's mass divided by its volume; a measure of how many particles are packed together into a certain amount of space.
Gravity A force that exists between any two objects that have mass.
Hydrogen The chemical element consisting of one proton and one electron.
Measure To use a tool to learn more about the volume, length or weight of an object.
Motion A change in the position of an object compared to another object.
Oxygen An element that makes up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere; a gas in Earth's atmosphere and in water that living organisms breathe.
Potential Energy The amount of energy that is stored in an object; energy that an object has because of its position relative to other objects.
System A group of parts that work together to function or perform a task.
Thrust A reaction force that pushes an object forward.
Asteroid A small object made of rock or metal that orbits the sun.
Comet Body of ice and dust that travels in a long narrow orbit around the sun.
Meteor A streak of light in the sky that forms when a piece of rock from space burns up in Earth's atmosphere.
Planet A large circular mass that revolves around a star.
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