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CentralandSouthAmeri
Central and South America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What mountains form a volcanic chain through Central America? | Sierra Madre Mountains |
| What forces threaten the area? | Earthquakes, hurricanes, and active volcanoes |
| What was the only colony ruled by Britain? | Belize |
| In the 1500's, who converted Indians to Roman Catholicism? | Franciscan friars |
| What are people of mixed Indian and Spanish heritage called? | Mestizos (make up the majority of the population) |
| What were the four largest empires in this region? | Mayans, Olmecs, Incas, and the Aztecs |
| When and where were the Mayans? | from 2600 BCE to 1200 BCE in Guatemala, Belize, and Mexico |
| When and where were the Olmecs? | 1200 BCE in Mexico |
| When and where were the Incas | 1197 CE to 1572 CE in Chile and Peru |
| When and where were the Aztecs? | 1248 CE to 1521 CE in Mexico |
| Which ancient civilization had the only known fully developed written language in the Americas? | the Mayans |
| Palenque and Tikal were part of what civilization? | Mayans |
| Which civilization built open public plazas around a natural water source? | Mayans |
| What is the Mayan creation myth called? | Popol Vuh |
| Which civilization developed the concept of zero? | Mayans |
| What were the three major planes in Mayan civilization? | the Underworld, the Sky and the Earth |
| Who was the Toltec god of the Aztecs? | Quetzalcoatl |
| Which civilization believed that each human being was a kind of Axis Mundi connecting the earthly realm to the divine? | Aztecs |
| What did Aztecs offer up to the gods as sacrifices? | hearts and heads of their warriors |
| What was the "currency" that the Aztecs used in their exchanges with their gods? | blood |
| Why did the Aztecs perform ritual self-sacrifice on a daily basis? | to refresh and give thanks to the earth |
| What are "token gifts"? | drops of blood |
| How did the Aztecs differentiate rank and profession? | hairstyles worn |
| What impressed the Spanish about Aztec medical knowledge? | Aztec battle surgeons tended their wounded skillfully and healed faster than Spanish surgeons |
| When and where did Christopher Columbus reach the Americas? | he reached Hispaniola and Cuba in 1492 |
| What gave Columbus and his men such an advantage over the native Indians besides superior weaponry? | diseases and horses; any natives that survived payed a lot of taxes |
| Who led an expedition to the Mexican mainland in search of slaves and to establish trade in 1519? | Hernan Cortes |
| What was the Aztec capital? | Tenochtitlan |
| Where is present day Tenochtitlan? | Mexico City |
| Who was the Aztec emperor? | Moctezuma |
| When was Tenochtitlan captured? | 1520 |
| Why were the Aztecs welcoming to Cortez? | he looked like one of their gods |
| Who was the Aztec mother goddess? | Tonantzim |
| Who saw the Virgin Mary on the hill dedicated to Tonantzim? | Juan Diago, an Aztec convert |
| How did Juan Diago ultimately convince the Bishop that the Virgin Mary appeared to him? | He shows an image of the Virgin Mary in his cloak of flowers |
| Which civilization had an efficient system of roads and messengers? | the Incas |
| What was the capital of the Incas? | Cusco |
| Who met the Incan emperor in 1532? | Francisco Pizarro |
| What did Francisco Pizarro do to the Incan emperor? | captured him; told him he would give him his freedom for a room filled with gold and silver; after gold and silver received, Pizarro killed him |
| When and what was the Treaty of Tordesillas? | in 1494, the Pope drew the Line of Demarcation down what he believed to be the center of South America; Spain got the west side, Portugal got the east |
| What was the Encomienda System? | until 1542 in Spanish colonies, the Indian people were divided among the settlers and were forced to provide them with labor, food, or other goods. Under this system Spaniards considered it their obligation to convert the Indians to Christianity. |
| What were two new items brought to Europe? | Potatoes and Tomatoes |
| What was a benefit of European women in the New World? | they had more influence |
| What is Liberation Theology? | a movement form the 1960's; Jesus not seen as just a redeemer but as a liberator of the oppressed |
| Who did Liberation Theology desire to bring justice to? | the poor |
| What was Liberation Theology sometimes described as? | Christian Socialism |
| Who is Hugo Chavez? | Socialist leader of Venezuela, believes the US wants to overthrow him |
| What did Hugo Chavez call President Bush? | Mr. Danger |
| What is the largest tropical rainforest? | the Amazon |
| What is the Amazon also known as? | Amazonia |
| How big is the Amazon? | 1.2 billion acres |
| What is the world's largest rodent? | the Capybara |
| What are the designs believed to be made by Incas that can only be seen from an aerial view? | Nazca Lines |
| Where is lake Titicaca? | Bolivia and Peru |
| Who were the Incans that lived on floating islands in Lake Titicaca? | the Uros |
| Which desert has never had recorded rainfall? | the Atacama desert in Chile |
| What is the worl'ds largest waterfall? | Iguazu falls |
| Who was the name America derived from? | Amerigo Vespucci; Italian navigator |
| What is a Tapir? | an animal similar to a horse or rhinoceros |
| What is the tribe and where do they live in the End of the Spear? | the Waodani tribe; in Ecuador |
| Who is Dayumae's older brother? | Mincayani |
| Who is Dayumae in the End of the Spear? | the indian women that went with the foreign missionaries |
| Who are the father and son in End of the Spear? | Dad is Nate Saint son is Stevie Boy |
| In the Waodani tribe, what do they call dying? | crossing the Great Boa |
| Who is the Waodani tribes god? | Waengongi |
| this country has fine coffee, cocaine and marijuana have became the largest cash crop; only land entrance to South America | Colombia |
| Devil's Island; European Space Agency's satellite program here; relies on France for support | French Guiana |
| formerly British Guiana; resembles an Asian country; Jonestown Massacre | Guyana |
| worst land trade in history for this country; "melting pot" of South America | Suriname |
| means "little Venice" in Spanish; worl'ds first oil exporting nation | Venezuela |
| large coffee estates called "fazendas"; largest debtor nation; best known for carnival | Brazil |
| poorest nation in South America; World's highest capital; only the wealthy speak Spanish | Bolivia |
| very narrow country; no rainfall in the Atacama Desert | Chile |
| this country's capital is called the "city of eternal spring" | Ecuador |
| leading exporter of fish and anchovies; port of Iquitos built during the rubber boom | Peru |
| world's leading exporter of beef; dispute over Falkland Islands | Argentina |
| divided into two regions: Gran Chaco in the west, Oriental in the east; Quebracho tree | Paraguay |
| the "Switzerland of South America"; most political prisoners per capita in the world | Uruguay |
| What are mulattos? | mixed black and European backrounds |
| What is the classical period of the Mayans? | 250-900 |
| When was the "Line of Demarcation" drawn during the Treaty of Tordesillas? | 1494 |
| What is the tallest peak in South America and where is it located? | Mt. Aconcagua in Argentina |
| The Amazon River transports _____ of the worlds fresh water | 20% |
| Who are the Flecheiros? | an "uncontacted" tribe in the Amazon |
| What is another word for rainforest? | Selva |
| Who was the Amazon named after? | mythical Greek female warriors |
| What are two of South Americas important river systems excluding the Nile? | the Orinoco and the Rio de la Plata |
| Where is the Orinoco? | begins in the Guiana Highlands and goes to the grasslands of Colombia and Venezuela on its way to the Atlantic |
| Where is the Rio de la Plata? | includes many rivers that provide essential transportation routes for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay |
| What are the principle rivers of the Rio de la Plata? | the Parana, the Paraguay, and the Uruguay rivers |
| What is the world's largest dam and where is it located? | the Itaipu Dam on the Parana River |
| What are the world's largest waterfalls? | Iguazu Falls |
| What are South America's two major lakes? | Lake Titicaca and Lake Maracaibo |
| What is South America's wettest region? | the Pacific Coast of Colombia |
| leading producer of sisal and silver; muggy, polluted, extremely large capital | Mexico |
| Who is Mexico's President? | Felipe Calderon |
| only country where English is spoken | Belize |
| formerly British Honduras | Belize |
| highest standard of living; no standing army | Costa Rica |
| most densely populated in the region | El Salvador |
| lots of volcanoes; ruins of Tikal | Guatemala |
| the "banana republic"; poorest country in the region | Honduras |
| freshwater sharks in lake; Miskito Indians | Nicaragua |
| Who was overthrown by the Sadinista party and in what country? | Anastasio Somoza was overthrown in Nicaragua |
| "crossroads of the world"; independence from Colombia | Panama |
| Who is Manuel Noriega? | was the leader of Panama; the US brought him to Miami and put him in jail for drug trafficking |
| famous tobacco; 30 year embargo from US | Cuba |
| Who is the communist leader of Cuba? | Raul Castro; took over for Fidel |
| world's first black republic; poorest and most illiterate nation in the Western Hemisphere | Haiti |
| Who were the bad leaders of Haiti? | Papa and Baby Doc Duvalier |
| Who does South America share a common geology with? | Africa |
| What countries are the descendants of the Incas in? | Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru |
| When did revolutionary fever sweep the continent? | the 19th century |
| What is a sertanista? | a Brazilian profession that is an Indian rights activist |
| What is the other name for the Flecheiro tribe? | the Arrow People |
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