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Chapter 1
Oral Pathology DENT-215
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bulla | A circumscribed, elevated lesion more than 5mm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid, looks like a blister |
| Lobule | A segment or lobe that is part of the whole: lobses sometimes appear fused together |
| Macule | An area usually distinguished by a color differentiation. It is flat and does not protrude above the surface. eg: Freckle |
| Nodule | a palpable solid lesion up to or greater than 1cm in diamter found in soft tissue. Above, level, or beneath the surface. |
| Papule | A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface |
| Pendunculated | attached by a stem or stalk like base similar to that of a mushroom |
| pustules | variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus |
| vesicle | a small, elevated lesion less than 1cm in diameter that contains serous fluid |
| palpation | the evaluation of a lession by feeling it with the fingers |
| Descriptive terms for palpated lesions | soft, firm, semifirm and fluid filled (fluctuant) |
| Erythema | an abnormal redness of mucosa or gingiva |
| erythoplakia | A clinical term used to describe an oral mucosal lesio tat appears as a smooth red patch or granular red and velvety patch and cannot be rubbe off or diagnosed as a specific disease |
| Leukoplakia | a clinical term for a white patchor plaquelike lesion on the oral mucosa that csnnot be rubbed off or diagnosed as a specific disease |
| Pallor | paleness of the skin or mucosal tissues |
| Centimeter | one hundredth of a meter, eqivalient to about one half inch. |
| millimeter | one thousandth of a meter. |
| Corrugated | wrinkled |
| fissure | a cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, showing prominent depth |
| papillary | resembling small, fingerlike projections or elevations found in clusters |
| verrucous | warty, often rough surface |
| Coalescence | the process by which parts of a whole jion together or fuse to make one |
| diffuse | describes a lesion with orders that are not well defined, making t impossible to detect the exact parameters of the lesion. |
| Mulitilocular | describes a lesion that extends beyond the confines of one distinct area and is defined as many lobes or parts that are somewhat fused together, making up the endire lesion. eg "soap bubbles |
| radiolucent | describes black or dark areas on a radiograph. less dense structures |
| radiopaque | describes light or white areas on a radiograph, more dense structures |
| root resorption | observed radiographically when the apex of the tooth appears shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped . occurs as a response to stimuli, including a cyst, tumor or trauma. |
| External resorption | occurs from tissues outside the roots, such as the PDL |
| Internal resorption | triggered by pulpal tissue reaction from within the tooth. Appears as a diffuse radiolucency beyond the parameters of the normal pulp area |
| Scalloping around the root | a radiolucent lesionthat extends between the roots, as seen in traumatic bone cyst. THis lesion appears to extend up the periodontal ligament |
| Unilocular | having one compartment or unit htat is well defined or outlined. eg a simple radicular cyst |
| well-circumscribed | a term used to describe a lesion with borders that are specifically defined and in which one can see the exact margins and extent |
| Anomoly | something that deviates from what is standard or normal |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| dysphonia | difficulty speaking |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Clinical diagnosis | diagnosis based on color, shape, location and history of the lesion. examples: tori, melanin pigmentation, retrocuspid papillae, lingual varicosities, fordyce granules, scalloped, geographic and hairy tongue |
| Radiographic diagnosis | Diagnosis is obtained from the radiograph. eg periapical pathosis, internal and external resorption, heavy ip calc, caries, compound/complex odontoma, supernumerary, impacted or unerupted teeth, calcified pulp |
| Historical diagnosis | important in every diagnosis. Ocassionally the most important when combined with the clinical data. eg amelogenisis imperfecta, dentogenisis imperfecta, |
| Periapical cemento-osseus dyspasia (cementoma) | found most often in black women in their 30s, usually involve the anterior mandible. lesions initially appear radiolucent and eventually deveolop a mixed lucent/opaque appearance. Asymptomatic. Teeth are vital |
| Cobblestone appearance of the tongue is a symptom of | Sjogren syndrome, as a result of xerostomia |
| Laboratory diagnosis | tests, including blood chemistries, cultures and urinalysis. |
| Paget syndrome | elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, distinctive radiographic cotton-wool appearance and hypercementosis. |
| Microscopic diagnosis | examination of a biopsy specimen. Often the main component of the definitive diagnosis. |
| Surgical diagnosis | diagnosis made from information gained during a surgical procedure |
| therapeutic diagnosis | diagnosis based on the response of the condition to therapy |
| differential diagnosis | the point in the diagnostic process where the practitioner decides what test or procedure is required to rule out conditions originally suspected and establish the definitive or final diagnosis. |
Created by:
SonyaP
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