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UNIT 5 Berkson

Islam + the European middle ages

TermDefinition
Bedouins nomadic tribes originally from northern arabia who became important traders after the domestication of the camel during the first millennium bce. early converts to islam, their values and practices deeply affected muhammed
Polytheism having many gods;belief in or worship of more than one god
Sheikh Originally the ruler of a Bedouin tribe; later, also used as a more general honorific
Mecca where muhammad was born to a merchant family
Muhammed prophet of islam; 1st + most important prophet; he met his angel gabriel while meditating + returned to mecca to conquer ti under his teachings
Ka'aba muhammad declared it the shrine of islam
Yathrib/Medina after he was kicked out him + his closest supporters left the city and retreated to Yathrib/Medina
Revelations Muhammed encountered angel gabriel + after he wanted to bring his learnt religious revelations to his ppl
Allah Qur'an says that Allah is the only god + muhammed was his prophet
Khadija muhammad's rich employer that he married + lived with while he was a merchant in mecca
Qur'an religious book of islam; recitation; guide book + code of law with 114 chapters
Hegira the flight of mohammed from mecca to medina in 622, which marks the first date on the official calendar of islam
Umma the muslim community as a whole
Muezzin the man who calls muslims to prayer at the appointed times; nowadays it's often a tape recorder message played over loudspeakers
five pillars the code of requirements of the muslim faith: belief in allah and his prophet; prescribed prayers; observation of Ramadan; pilgrimage to mecca; and giving alms to the poor
Ramadan the holy month of Islam, during which believers fast from dawn to sunset. Because the islamic calendar is lunar, ramadan migrates through the seasons
Hajj another word for pilgrimage; specific pillar in mecca
Shari'a a law of code, originally drawn up by muslim scholars shortly after the death of muhammed, that provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives
Hadith a collection of the sayings of the prophet muhammed, used to supplement the revelations in the qur'an
Caliph the secular leader of the islamic community
Imam an islamic religious leader. some traditions say there is only one per generation; others use the term more broadly
Ali .
Shia the emperor should be a descendent of muhammed
Baghdad flourishing urban area
Caliphate .
Mosque of Cordoba .
Suni believed that the prophet could be anyone, as long as they were educated
House of Wisom grand library/academy located in baghdad, intellectual center
Ibn Sina among the great sages of islamic medicine, philosopher and psychiatrist
Algebra in the house of wisdom, there would be scholars who studied and worked on algebra and many other stuff such as translations
Arabic numerals baghdad arab mathematicians spread them further west and contributed to make it more common + well known of the numerals
Astrolabe astronomical instrument, it serves as a star chart and physical model of visible heavenly bodies. elaborate inclinometer and analog calculation devise in several kinds of problems in astronomy
Omar Khayyam persian polymath(wide range of learning), kpwn for his contributions to astronomy, philosophy, poetry and mathematics.
Tales from 1001 Arabian Nights written by Omar Khayyam; most famous work in the middle eastern literature.
Sufism a mystical school of philosophy islam, known for its music, dance and poetry, which became prominent in the 13th century; form of religious belief
Rumi poet that embraced sufism in the 13th centrury
Dome of the Rock one of the 1st architectural structures in the islamic world + one of the finest. built by 7th century artisans proficient byzantine style, beneath the structure is a rock reputed to be the site of adam;s burial place.
Created by: amritak101
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