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UNIT 2 Berkson

Ancient India

TermDefinition
Harappa D: enigmatic society that was mysteriously created and destroyed. nothing is known about them and their language cannot be deciphered S: architecture is advanced + functional(grid/plumbing system, writing). sophisticated cities
Indus River D: located in pakistan S: home to the Harappans
Aryans D: indo-europeans settlers in india S: first settlers in India who created the caste system
Monsoons D + S:
Vedas D: ancient work written after the Aryans arrived in India; contained sacred hymns and rituals; written in Sanskrit S: earliest known work of Indian literature
Caste System D: way of organising social class for the aryan empire, faith in the system so no one questioned it, could only move up when reincarnated S: only the top 3 classes were considered to be aryans, anything below were considered less human, or dravidians
Brahmins D + S: top of the system; priests + academic class
Kshatriya D + S: 2nd class; descendants from the ruling warrior class
Vaisyas D + S: 3rd class; commonors, originally guardians of tribal herbs
Sudras D + S: 4th class; largest class by population but they weren't considered fully aryan
Pariahs/Dalits D + S: known as the untouchables; so low that they weren't considered apart of the caste system
Chandragupta Maurya* D: founder of the 1st dynasty of the Mauryan empire S: established the capital in ganges valley, little is known about him + his empire
Brahmanism(Hinduism) D + S: earlier stage of hinduism
Brahman: D + S: ultimate reality of hinduism, great world soul (heaven)
Atman D + S: individual's soul (rebirths through reincarnation)
Moksha D + S: main goal, release from the cycle of reincarnation
Karma D + S: impact of one's actions in their next life
Dharma D + S: A person's obligations + duties
Yoga D + S: created in hinduism, practice to control the senses and the mind
Upanishads* D + S: series of writings that describe the Vedas in a mystical sense
Brahma D + S: 1 of the 3 primary gods of Hinduism/India
Vishnu D + S: 1 of the 3 primary gods of Hinduism, worshiped more than Brahma along with Shiva
Shiva D + S: 1 of the 3 primary gods of Hinduism, worshiped more than Brahma along with Vishnu
Buddhism D + S: doctrine that eventually began to rival the popularity of Brahmanism
Siddharta D + S: founder of buddhism, became enlightened
Nirvana D + S: release from rebirth/metaphysical reality
Middle Path D + S: An eightfold path used as a way to escape extremes of life(desire,life of fortune + selfishness) and self mortification (part of the four noble truths)
Four Noble truths D + S: life is suffering, the cause of suffering is craving/desire, the end of suffering comes with the end of craving, these is the path(middle path) which leads one away from craving + suffering
Ashoka D + S: Indian ruler who was a patron of the arts, 1st buddhist indian ruler, ruled the Mauryan empire
Sanskrit D + S: language of the vedas, spoken by the aryans
Created by: amritak101
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