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Ancient Greece
Late Chinese Dynasties and Ancient Greece (Geography - Alexander the Great)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Impact of Greek Geography | Greece is very mountainous and there is not a lot of fertile land. People had to depend on the seas for fishing and trading because of a lack of natural resources. City-States developed different political systems and cultures because of isolation. |
| Polis | Greek term for city-state |
| Athens | one of the strongest city-states in ancient Greece. Had a very strong army. *Birthplace of democracy. |
| Sparta | one of the strongest city-states in ancient Greece. Had a very strong navy. Militaristic city-state. Women had more rights in Sparta than in Athens. |
| Direct Democracy | Citizens in a have the right to vote on every decision made by the city-state. Ancient Athens under Pericles created the worlds first Democracy. |
| Militaristic | When a government's main focus is on building up the military. Sparta was a militaristic city-state. Most of their resources went into building military. Boys were training for the military from the time they were 7 years old. |
| Homer | Blind poet who wrote the epics: Iliad and Odyssey about the Trojan Wars. |
| Causes of the Persian Wars | Ionian Greeks living in Persian territory wanted to break free. They revolted and Persian army stopped them. Athens sent troops to help the Ionian Greeks which angered the Persian leader. He invaded mainland Greece to teach them a lesson. |
| Battle of Marathon | (First phase of the Persian Wars - Darius I was ruling Persia) First Battle of the Persian Wars when Pheidippides ran 25 miles to warn Athens that the Persians were arriving on the shores of Greece. |
| Battle of Thermopylae | Turning point battle of the 2nd Phase of the Persian Wars (Xerxes was ruling over Persia) . -300 Spartans held off an army of 500,000 Persians, which resulted in the Athenians and Greeks to mobilize for warfare. |
| Battle of Salamis | Naval battle in the 2nd phase of the Persian Wars. Themosticles (Athenian Admiral) used a new naval technique of battering the Persian Ships using the bronze hull of the ships. |
| Effects of the Persian Wars | -Persians lose the war; leads to Athenian Greatness (Golden Age) -Athens creates the Delian League-they invite allies to join, but they DO NOT INCLUDE SPARTA! -Greeks belief that they were unique and special because they practiced DEMOCRACY |
| Delian League | -Created by Athens after the end of the Persian Wars to create alliances with city-states in Greece (in case of invasion again). -Athens is not invited to join the alliance which leads to a Civil War (Peloponnesian War) between Athens and Sparta. |
| Pericles | -strongest leader of Athens - leader during Athenian Golden Age |
| Parthenon | -Built as a temple for Goddess Athena. Became a symbol of democracy. |
| Socrates | Greek Philosopher: Wanted students to defend points and think for themselves. |
| Plato | Greek Philosopher: believed that only the best-educated people should participate in government. -Student of Socrates |
| Aristotle | Greek Philosopher: Believed that for a government to function correctly, the power should be held by the middle class. -Tutor of Plato -Tutor of Alexander the Great |
| Hippocrates | One of the world's first physicians: Drafted an oath for sound and ethical medical practice that doctors still recite today. |
| Pythagoras | Prominent Greek mathematician: studied lines and shapes: came up with the Pythagorean theorem. |
| Phalanx | an ancient Greek military formation for battle |
| Greek Tragedy | A play where the title character undergoes tragic events and dies at the end of the play |
| Sophocles | Greek writer of tragedies (wrote Oedipus Rex) |
| Greek Religion | polytheistic; believed that everything that happened was the will of the gods |
| Olympics | Greeks invented them; they were held to honor the gods; Greek life revolved around outdoors, so Olympic games made perfect sense |
| Myceneans | People who settled in the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. and later fought against Troy. Influenced the militaristic culture of Ancient Sparta. |
| Minoans | earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C. Had an impact on the way the Greeks sailed and relied on the Aegean Sea. |
| Trojan War | In Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor. Written in Homers Iliad. |
| Iliad and Odyssey | Epic Greek Poems written by Homer the blind poet |
| Iliad | a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy |
| Achilles | Immortal man, vulnerable only in his achillies region. Mycenaean hero of the Trojan War. |
| Helen of Troy | The worlds most beautiful woman, left her husband for Paris. Face that launched a thousand ships and started the Trojan War. |
| Hector | (Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War |
| Paris | Prince of Troy that stole Helen from Meneleus the brother of the King of Mycenae (Agamemnon). |
| Agamemnon | (Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War. |
| Meneleus | His wife is Helen. His brother is Agamenon. He is one of the Greek warriors in the Iliad. |
| Helots | Slaves of the Spartans that revolted against the Spartans and led to the militaristic nature of Sparta. |
| Peloponnesian League | Spartan alliance formed from the surrounding city-states near Sparta. Spartans created this alliance to counter the Delian League. |
| Peloponnesian War | (431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north. |
| Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people (Sparta) |
| Monarchy | A government ruled by a king or queen |
| Tyranny | Cruel and oppressive government or rule; uses force to take over the city-state |
| Yuan Dynasty China | Mongol dynasty initiated by Khubilai Khan that ruled China from 1271 to 1368. First foreign dynasty of China. |
| Kublai Khan | (1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China. |
| Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China (Isolated China). |
| Zheng He (1371-1433?) | Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death. |
| Forbidden City | Built in the Ming Dynasty, was a stunning monument in Bejing built for Yongle. All commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter without special permission. |
| Philip II of Macedon | Took over Greece after the Peloponnesian War weakened it. Ruled from 359-336 BCE; Founder of centralized kingdom; Later conquered rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority. |
| Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; Conquered most of the known world; goal was to conquer the known world. Through spreading Greek culture through the regions of Egypt, Persia (Middle East) and the Indus River Valley a new culture developed known as Hellenistic Culture. |
| Hellenic culture | of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the ancient Greeks or their language, culture, thought, etc., esp. BEFORE THE time of Alexander the Great. |
| Hellenistic Culture | Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian (Middle Eastern) and Indian ideas, as a result of Alexander the Great's Empire. |
Created by:
eth1211
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