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study guide history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. | He believed that individuals should live in a just and rational state. |
| Rome’s first code of law. | The Twelve Tables. |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | They differ in matters concerning their belief in one God (Judeo-Christian) versus many gods (Greco-Roman). |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. | Individual achievement, dignity and worth are of great importance. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | His analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances. |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | A social contract. |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence. What document? | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | They thought that humans are guided by natural laws. They thought that through reason and thought leaders can create bodies that govern the people based on those natural laws. |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and an end to tax exemptions. |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | The Napoleonic code, a public school system, construction of new transportation options including canals and roads. |
| Philosophies of John Locke. | He said that before society was organized, humans had natural rights. |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | John Locke |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | This was the invasion of England by William of Orange, in which he easily overthrew James II; this revolution was "glorious," because there was almost no fighting. |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | It strengthened the idea that a monarch's power was limited, not absolute. |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | Improved food supplies, large labor force, and an abundant money supply. |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | The steam engine. |
| The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | Railroad construction, factory producing, and coal mining. |
| Patriotism | Creates a feeling of responsibility and a sense of pure pride in one's country. |
| Nationalism | Creates a feeling of blind arrogance and a sense of excessive pride at any cost. |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution? | The emergence of the working class and the middle class. |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | To stir up emotions and strong feelings. |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | 150 years. |
| Mohandas Gandhi. | He was responsible for the movement to grant India independence from Great Britain. He also pushed the British gov. to aid the poor and practiced non-violent methods of protesting British rule. |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | The first war of independence; The British called this movement the "Sepoy Mutiny." |
| How did the first democracy develop? | All citizens of Athens had the right to discuss issues openly and to vote in the assembly. |
| Enlightenment view of women. | Women were considered to have natural rights to home and family. |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution. |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | It created a government based on a social contract. |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | Issuing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| How did the Napoleonic Code reflect Enlightenment principles? | The code placed its value on individuals above all else. |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | Efforts to improve sanitation to prevent illness. |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | Labor unions. |
| What contributed to Germany’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | Germany's natural resources, including iron and coal. |
| What factor most led to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | The decline of the Ottoman empire. |
| Who had great power in the Third Republic in France? | The voter-elected Chamber of Deputies. |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | Britain exploited the nation's diversity and internal divisions. |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | Korea. |
| Which system of law appeared first? | Hammurabi's Law Code. |
| What is Aristotle best known for? | Analyzing and classifying things as they are, based on observance and investigation. |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | Paul of Tarsus traveled throughout Asia Minor preaching the gospel. |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | Because it would strengthen the idea that the monarch's power was limited. |
| What was the main cause of the French Revolution? | The crisis in government finances. |
| What was the most common political form in the classical Mediterranean world? | Democracy. |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century. | The Bubonic Plague. |
| What was the Middle Passage? | The voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas. |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | Machiavelli. |
| What did the Monroe Doctrine express? | The United States' belief in its right to control North America from coast to coast. |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence. | To free the colonies from allegiance to Britain. |
| What was one effect of the French Revolution? | Nationalistic feelings grew. |
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