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Imperialism
History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | When a powerful country overtakes a less powerful country through military force |
| Social Darwinism | - The idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are “better” - Europeans used it because they had industrialized |
| Direct Rule: Africa | - Full European control - No African power |
| Direct Rule: India | - British controlled gov. - A viceroy governed in the name of the queen - Make & enforce laws, run court, create taxes, give jobs, etc. - British officials held top positions in the civil service & army - India became more modernized |
| Indirect Rule: India | - Indian people are largely part of ruling day-to-day lives - Generally follows former court & legal legislatures - Influenced by the colonizers - Colonizers get their money but don’t have to do as much work & send as many people over to the colonies |
| Sphere of Influence: China | British forced China into treaties where they had economic/power influence |
| Boer War | - A war that was fought to push back against British takeover and to continue independence - Ended in a British win |
| Emperor Menelik II | As Ethiopia resisted European colonization, he hired experts to make roads, bridges, and schools |
| David Livingston | - Crisscrossed Africa for 30 years as a missionary - Opposed the slave trade (spread Christianity to end it) |
| Assimilation | - To take in and understand or accept |
| Berlin Conference | - European powers met to establish new borders without African consent |
| “Jewel in the Crown” | Nickname the British gave India because they had the best & most useful resources (opium & spices) |
| raj | Name for direct rule in India |
| National Congress & Muslim League | - Formed the Congress Party(Hindus) & the Muslim League (Muslims) - Educated (got their education from England), upper-middle-class people - Learned about Enlightenment thinkers and realized they were being mistreated (formed independent groups) |
| Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny | - Required to serve anywhere - offended their religion - Widows had to remarry, new rifles required soldiers to bite off the ends of them (they were lined in animal fat from cows that were sacred or pigs that were forbidden) - Caused the rebellion |
| Ram Mohun Roy | - He wanted to combine both Indian and Western views - Learned from Western ideas while keeping some traditional Indian culture |
| Opium War | - British discovered profits from selling a drug to the Chinese - Silver flowed out of China - British refused to stop trade and a war erupted (British win) |
| Treaty of Nanjing | - The first of the “unequal treaties” - China had to open ports to foreign trade - Granted British extraterritoriality (live under their own law) |
| Taiping Rebellion | - Peasant rebellion (china vs china) - Leader Hong Xiuquan - Wanted to topple the Qing dynasty |
| Boxer Rebellion/Uprising | - Group of anti-foreign Chinese trained in martial arts to drive out “foreign devils” |
| Empress Ci Xi | - Supported the boxers - When she died, a two-year-old took the throne which resulted in chaos |
| Sun Yixian | - Organized the Revolutionary Alliance of nationalism, democracy, and livelihood |
| Russo-Japanese War | - Russia and Japan went to war over Korea and Manchuria - Japan won and gained full control of Korea and partial of Manchuria |
| Meiji Restoration | - To protect Japan from Western control to create a rich country & strong military - Modernized to avoid being colonized by Europeans |
| Mutsuhito | Became emperor at 15 and took the name “Meiji” (enlightened ruler) |
Created by:
ava.mayne
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