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04 Science 5
Energy and Heat
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| potential energy | -the energy that an object has because of its position or condition; stored energy |
| thermal energy | -the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance -the amount depends on temperature and mass of that substance |
| kinetic energy | -the energy that an object has because of its motion |
| energy | -the ability to do work |
| increases | -when the temperature of a substance increases, the speed of its particles _____________ |
| thermal expansion | -the ability of a substance's particles to move faster and expand without changing states -spaces are put between sections of sidewalks and roads to be able to provide for this |
| contracts | -almost every substance will do this when cooled |
| calorie | -the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius |
| fuel | -any substance that releases energy when it burns |
| heat | -the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another -flows from warmer objects to cooler objects |
| conductor | -any substance that allows heat to move through it easily |
| insulator | -any substance that does not allow heat to move through it easily |
| convection | -heat transfer that occurs when the particles of a substance carry thermal energy as they move from one place to another -the way liquids and gasses are usually heated-boiling water or heating a room often involves this |
| conduction | -heat transfer that occurs when the particles of a substance bump into each other-the way solids are usually heated -cooking on a stovetop or eating a popsicle usually involves this |
| friction | -as the space shuttle reentered Earth's atmosphere, extreme temperatures were caused by this |
| radiation | -heat transfer that occurs when there are no particles or matter to carry the energy-heat that comes from the sun -the extreme temperatures in outer space are caused by exposure to this from the sun and lack of an atmosphere -can occur in empty space |
| electronic equipment | -heat from this inside a spacecraft needs to be controlled |
| understanding how to control heat | -has enabled people to invent equipment to explore space-protects astronauts from exposure to extreme temperatures |
| probes | -heat controlled for by using special gold paint, fluid-filled tubes, aerogel, and heaters |
| International Space Station | -heat controlled by using mylar and dacron blanket, ammonia-filled pipes |
| space shuttles | -heat controlled by using waterproof glass cloth and ceramic tiles |
| space capsules | -heat controlled by using a material that melted and vaporized |
| expand | -most substances do this when they are heated |
| thermometer | - instrument used to measure temperature |
| Fahrenheit and Celsius | -temperature is usually measured in these |
| Why does a set of doors with space between them help keep a building cool in the summer and warm in the winter? | The air between the doors provides some insulation from the outside temperatures. |
| Give an example of how thermal expansion has been used for good and wise stewardship in God's world. | -movement of liquid in liquid thermometers-design for spaces between sections of sidewalks, bridges and road expansion |
| Why is controlling heat during space travel so important? | If not protected, the astronauts would die from exposure to the extreme temperatures. |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
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