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PSYCH - PERCEPTION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is the sensory experience of the world, which includes how an individual recognizes and interprets sensory information. | Perception |
| BRIEF HISTORY OF PERCEPTION Dates back to the time of __________________________ where they showed interest in learning how people know the world and gain understanding of their understanding. | ancient Greek philosophers |
| ____________ and _________ are known to study and understanding how perception works. | Gestalt Psychology, Cognitive Psychology |
| Input about the physical world obtained through sensory receptors | Sensation |
| Process of the brain selecting, organizing, and interpreting of sensations | Perception |
| The physiological basis of perception | Sensation |
| Interpretation of sensations based that individual's learning, memory, emotions, and expectations | Perception |
| Mechanical | Sensation |
| Active Process | Perception |
| the process by which we organize or make sense of the sensory impressions caused by the light that strikes our eyes | Visual Perception |
| Visual perception involves __________,________________,____________ | Knowledge, Expectations, Motivations |
| the tendency to integreate perceptual elements into meaningful patterns | Laws of Perceptial Organization |
| the ability to differentiate an object from its background | Figure Ground Perception |
| perception guided by prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations, influencing the interpretation of sensory information | Top-Down Processing |
| retrieving sensory information from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory | Bottom-Up Processing |
| schema driven | top-down processing |
| relies on knowledge and experience | top-down processing |
| retrieving sensory information from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory | bottom-up processing |
| data driven | bottom-up processing |
| relies on sensory information | bottom-up processing |
| the perceptual tendency to group together objects that are similar in appearance | similarity |
| the tendency to perceive a series of points or lines as having unity | continuation |
| the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in the sensory input | closure |
| nearness; the perceptual tendency to group together objects that are near one another | proximity |
| the tendency to perceive elements that move together as belonging together | common fate |
| the ability of the nervous system to discern the distance and speed of a moving object in relation to the eye that is seeing the object | perception of motion |
| your ability to see objects in three dimensions, including their size and how far away they are from you | depth perception |
| cues that can be perceived by one eye | monocular cues |
| a monocular cue for depth based on the convergence (coming together) of parallel lines as they recede into the distance | perspective |
| the ability to measure how far away something is | relative size |
| faraway objects are less clear and less detailed | clearness |
| the placing of one object in front of another | overlappping |
| give us information about an object's three dimensional shape and its relationship to the source of light | shadows |
| a monocular cue for depth based on the perception that closer objects appear to have rougher (more detailed) surfaces | texture gradient |
| a monocular cue for depth based on the perception that nearby objects appear to move more rapidly in relation to our own motion | motion parallax |
| 7 Monocular Cues | perspective, relative size, clearness, overlapping, shadows, texture gradient, motion parallax |
| cues that can be perceived by both eyes | binocular cues |
| a binocular cue for depth based on the difference in the image cast by an object on retinas of the eyes as the object moves closer or farther away | retinal disparity |
| a binocular cue for depth based on the inward movement of the eyes as they attempt to focus on an object that is drawing nearer | convergence |
| the tendency to perceive an object as being the same size even as the size of its retinal image changes according to the object's distance | size constancy |
| the tendency to perceive objects as retaining their color even though lighting | color constancy |
| the tendency to perceive an object as being just as bright even though lighting conditions change its intensity | brightness constancy |
| the tendency to perceive an object being the same shape although the retinal image varies in shape as it rotates | shape constancy |
| 2 Binocular cues | retinal disparity, convergence |
| sensations that give rise to misperceptions | illusion |
| types of illusion | optical, auditory, tactile, smell and taste illusion |
| determined by its frequency, or the number of cycles per second as expressed in the unit hertz (Hz) | pitch |
| roughly corresponds to the height, or amplitude, of sound waves, expressed in decibels (dB) | loudness |
| the ability to identify and interpret scent signals as they appear in the direct environment | olfactory perception |
| contributes to the flavor of foods | olfactory perception |
| nerve that transmits information concerning odors from olfactory receptors to the brain | olfactory nerve |
| the senstation the results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus | gustation |
| a complex quality of food, and other substances that is based on their odor, texture, and temperature as well as their taste | flavor |
| the brain's ability to understand (perceive) information comming from the skin, particularly the skin on the hands | touch/tactile perpcetion |
| technically passive, skim simply makes contact with an object | touch/tactile perception |
| objects are manipulated between the hands, manipulated within the hands, touched with the fingers, moved and explored | haptic perception |
| perception of objects or events through means other than the recognized sensory organs | extrasensory perception (ESP) |
| means standing alongside psychology, not being a part of psychology | parapsychological/psiphenomena |
| the transfer of information through an irregular or unusual process ---- not through the usual senses | psi communication |
| our brain routes sensory information through multiple unrelated senses, causing you to experience more than one sense simultaneously | synthesia |
| movement of physical objects by mind without use of physical means | psychokinesis |
| the ability to know what is in someon else's mind, or to communicate with someone mentally, without using words or other physical signals | telepathy |
| psi communication | synthesia, psychokinesis, telepathy |
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