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Ch.8. vocab
exam 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
racism | a term that refers to a society's production of unjust outcomes for some racial or ethnic groups |
residential segregation | the sorting of different types of people into separate neighborhoods |
hypersegregation | residential segregation so extreme that many people's daily lives involve little or no contact with people of other races |
white fight | organized White resistance to integration |
white flight | a phenomenon in which White people start leaving a neighborhood when minority residents begin to move in |
redlining | a practice of refusing loans to or steeply overcharging anyone buying in poor and minority neighborhoods |
resource deserts | places that lack beneficial or critical amenities |
spatial analysis | a research method in which data are layered onto a landscape divided into fine-grained segments |
environmental racism | the practice of exposing racial and ethnic minorities to more toxins and pollutants than White people |
achievement gaps | disparities in the academic accomplishments of different kinds of students |
tracking | the practice of placing students in different classrooms according to their perceived ability |
adultification | a form of bias in which adult characteristics are attributed to children |
school-to-prison pipeline | a practice of disciplining and punishing children and youth in school that routes them out of education and into the criminal justice system |
mass incarceration | an extremely high rate of imprisonment in cross-cultural and historical perspective |
mass deportation | an extremely high rate of deportation in cross-cultural and historical perspective |
cross-institutional advantage and disadvantage | a phenomenon in which people are positively or negatively served across multiple institutions |
cumulative advantage and disadvantage | advantage or disadvantage that builds over the life course |
intergenerational advantage and disadvantage | advantage and disadvantage that is passed from parents to children |
structural violence | institutional discrimination that injures the body and mind |