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Module 2
Oral Histology and Embryology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alveolar Crest | highest point of alveolar bridge |
| Alveolar Socket | Cavity within the alveolar process that surrounds the root of a tooth. |
| Ameloblast | cells that form enamel |
| Anatomical Crown | portion of tooth that is covered with enamel |
| Apex | tapered end of each root tip |
| Apical Foramen | natural opening in the root |
| Cementoblasts | cells that form cementum |
| Cementoclasts | cells that resorb cementum |
| Cementum | specialized, calcified connective tissue that covers the anatomic root of a tooth |
| Clinical Crown | the portion of the tooth that is visible in the oral cavity. |
| Conception | union of male sperm with the female ovum |
| Coronal Pulp | Part that lies within the crown portion of the tooth. |
| Cortical Plate | Dense outer covering of spongy bone that makes up the central part of the alveolar process. |
| Dental Lamina | Thickened band of oral epithelium that follows the curve of each developing arch. |
| Dental Papilla | Gingivae between the teeth |
| Dental Sac | Connective tissue that envelops the developing tooth. |
| Dentin | Hard portion of the root that surrounds the pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the root. |
| Dentinal Fiber | Fibers found in dentinal tubules. |
| Dentinal Tubules | Microscopic canals found in dentin. |
| Deposition | The process by which the body adds new bone. |
| Embryo | An organism in the earliest stages of development. |
| Embryology | The study of prenatal development. |
| Embryonic Period | Stage of human development that occurs from the beginning of the second week to the end of the eighth week. |
| Enamel Lamellae | Thin, leaflike structures that extend from the enamel surface toward the detinoenamel junction and consist of organic material with little mineral content |
| Enamel Organ | Part of a developing tooth destined to produce enamel. |
| Enamel Spindles | The ends of odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells) that extend across the detinoenamel junction a short distance into the enamel. |
| Enamel Tufts | The hypocalcified or uncalcified ends of groups of enamel prisms that start at the detinoenamel junction and may extend to the inner third of the enamel. |
| Exfoliation | The normal process of shedding the primary teeth. |
| Fetal Period | Stage of human development that starts at the beginning of the ninth week and ends at birth. |
| Fibroblast | Type of cell in connective tissue responsible for the formation of the intercellular substance of pulp. Gestation |
| Gestation | Stage of human development that starts at fertilization and ends at birth. |
| Histology | The study of the structure and function of body tissues on a microscopic level. |
| Hunter Schreger Bands | Alternating light and dark bands in the enamel that are produced when enamel prisms intertwine or change direction. |
| Hydryoxyapatite | Mineral compound that is the principal inorganic component of bone and teeth. |
| Hyoid Arch | The second branchial arch, which forms the styloid process, stapes of the ear, stylohyoid ligament, and part of the hyoid bone. |
| Lamina Dural | Thin, compact bone that lines the alveolar socket; also known as the cribriform plate. |
| Lining Mucosa | Mucous membrane that covers the inside of the cheeks, vestibule, lips, soft palate, and underside of the tongue and acts as a cushion for underlying structures. |
| Mandibular Arch | The lower jaw |
| Masticatory Mucosa | Oral mucosa that covers the hard palate, dorsum of the tongue, and gingiva. |
| Meiosis | Reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes. |
| Modeling | Bone changes that involve deposition and resorption of bone and occur along articulations as they increase in size and shape to keep up with the growth of surrounding tissues; also known as displacement. |
| Odontoblasts | Cells that form dentin |
| Odontogenesis | Formation of new teeth |
| Osteoblasts | Cells that form bone |
| Osteoclasts | cells that resorb bone |
| Periodontium | Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth. |
| Preimplantation Period | Stage of development that occurs during the first week after fertilization. |
| Prenatal | Stage of human development that starts at pregnancy and ends at birth. |
| Primary Cementum | Cementum that covers the root of the tooth and is formed outward from the cementodentinal junction for the full length of the root. |
| Primary Dentin | Dentin that forms before eruption and that makes up the bulk of the tooth. |
| Primary Palate | The shelf that separates the oral and nasal cavities. |
| Prism | A calcified column or rod. |
| Pulp Chamber | The space occupied by pulp. |
| Radicular Pulp | The other portion of pulp known as root pulp. |
| Remodeling | Growth and change in shape of existing bone that involves deposition and resorption of bone. |
| Resorption | The body’s processes of eliminating existing bone or hard tissue structure. |
| Secondary Cementum | Cementum that is formed on the apical half of the root; also known as cellular cementum. |
| Secondary Dentin | Dentin that forms after eruption and continues at a very slow rate throughout the life of the tooth. |
| Secondary Palate | The final palate formed during embryonic development. |
| Specialized Mucosa | Mucous membrane on the tongue in the form of lingual papillae, which are structures associated with sensations of taste. |
| Stomodeum | The primitive mouth |
| Stratified Squamous | Layers of flat, formed epithelium |
| Striae of Retzius | Incremental rings that represent variations in deposition of the enamel matrix during tooth formation. |
| Succedaneous | Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth |
| Tertiary Dentin | Dentin that forms in response to irritation and appears as a localized deposit on the wall of the pulp chamber; also known as reparative dentin. |
| Tooth Buds | Enlargements produced by the formation of dental lamina. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg |
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nmottalibe29
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