Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
genetics vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | Heredity refers to the passing of traits or characteristics from parents to offspring through genetic information. |
| Traits | Traits refer to enduring characteristics or qualities that are relatively stable over time and across different situations. |
| Genetics | Genetics is the study of genes, which are the instructions for making proteins and carrying out various functions in our bodies. |
| Fertilization | Fertilization is the process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell fuse together to form a new organism. |
| Purebred | animals that belong to a specific breed and have parents of the same breed |
| Gene | A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or RNA molecule. Genes are the building blocks of heredity and are passed from parents to their children. |
| Allele | An allele is a variant form of a gene. Genes are made up of DNA and provide instructions for various traits and characteristics in an organism. Each gene has multiple alleles, and an individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. |
| Dominant allele | A dominant allele is a variant of a gene that is expressed and determines the phenotype (observable trait) of an organism, 0-peven if only one copy of the allele is present |
| Recessive allele | A recessive allele is a variant form of a gene that is only expressed when an individual has two copies of that allele (homozygous). |
| Hybrid | In genetics, hybrid refers to the offspring of two different species or varieties. |
| Punnett square | A Punnett square is a diagram used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals. It helps determine the probability of certain traits being inherited by offspring. |
| Phenotype | Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It includes physical traits such as height, eye color, and disease susceptibility, as well as behavioral and physi |
| Genotype | Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, specifically the combination of alleles (different versions of a gene) that an individual inherits from their parents. |
| Homozygous | Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a specific gene. |
| Heterozygous | Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Incomplete dominance | Incomplete dominance refers to a pattern of inheritance where neither of the two alleles for a particular gene is completely dominant over the other. |
| Codominance | Codominance refers to a situation where two different alleles of a gene are equally expressed in a heterozygous individual. This means that both alleles are fully expressed and contribute to the phenotype of the individual. |
| Multiple alleles | Multiple alleles refer to the presence of more than two different versions of a gene in a population. Each allele represents a different variation of the gene. |
| Messenger RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of genetic material that carries instructions from DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. |
| Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It acts as an adaptor molecule, linking the genetic information in mRNA with the amino acid sequence in proteins. |
| Mutation | A mutation refers to any change or alteration that occurs in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can happen spontaneously or as a result of external factors such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals. |
| Sex chromosomes | Sex chromosomes are specialized chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual in many species, including humans |
| Sex-linked gene | Sex-linked genes are genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. These genes play a role in determining the biological differences between males and females. |
| Carrier | term "carrier" is in the context of genetic carrier testing. A carrier is someone who carries a gene for a genetic disorder but does not have the disease themselves. |
| Genetic disorder | Genetic disorders are medical conditions that are caused by changes or mutations in genes. |
| Pedigree | Pedigree refers to a diagram or chart that shows the genetic relationships within a family. |
| Karyotype | A karyotype refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual or species. It is a visual representation of the chromosomes arranged in pairs according to their size, shape, and banding patterns. |
| Selective breeding | is a process in which individuals with desired traits are chosen to reproduce, with the goal of producing offspring with those desired traits. |
| Inbreeding | Inbreeding refers to the mating or reproduction between individuals who are closely related, such as siblings or cousins. |
| Hybridization | Hybridization refers to the process of breeding or mating between individuals of different species or genetically distinct populations. |
| Clone | In biology, the term "clone" refers to genetically identical cells or organisms that are asexually descended from a common progenitor. |
| Genetic engineering | Genetic engineering is the use of molecular biology technology to modify DNA sequences in genomes. |
| Gene therepy | Gene therapy is a medical approach that involves introducing normal genes into the body to treat or prevent diseases caused by genetic disorders. |
| Genome | The term "genome" refers to the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in an organism. |
| Ethics | Ethics refers to the study of principles of right and wrong conduct. It involves examining moral values and standards that guide human behavior |
| Meiosis | Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms |
| Crossing Over | Crossing over is a genetic process that occurs during meiosis, specifically during prophase I. It involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in the creation of new combinations of alleles. |
| Zygote | A zygote is the earliest stage of development in human reproduction. It is formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg, resulting in the fusion of their genetic material. |
| Gametes | Gametes are specialized reproductive cells that are involved in sexual reproduction. |
| Protein Synthesis | Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins using the information encoded in DNA. I |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | Autosomal chromosomes are one of the two types of chromosomes found in humans and most other organisms. They are called autosomes because they are not involved in determining an individual's biological sex. |
Created by:
chicken 23
Popular Science sets