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9th History
Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marco Polo | A traveler that stirred the popular imagination with tales of strange customs and unbelievable riches in the Far East. |
| Prester John | A fake person. Supposedly a wealthy and powerful Christian who wanted to help the Europeans fight the Muslims. |
| compass | Invented by the Chinese, it was a magnetized needle floating in a bowl of water on a piece of reed of cork. |
| latitude | The distance from the equator. Could be determined by the astrolabe, the quadrant, or the cross-staff. |
| caravel | It is a light, fast vessel. It had large square sails to provide power and smaller triangular sails to provide maneuverability. It's high sides and its broad and deep construction made it suitable for ocean travel. |
| Prince Henry | Portuguese explorer. Called "The Navigator." Started school of Navigation. Sponsored captains, geographers, astronomers, and mapmakers which vastly improved navigational instruments, maps, and engineered caravel ships used in exploration. |
| Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer. Took over once Prince Henry died. His ship got caught in a storm and once storm was over they realized they had went south of Africa. Never went to India. Named it The Cape of Storms, but the king later named it The Cape of Good Hope |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. Was sent 10 yrs after Dias to explore the route to India with 4 ships. Sailed in open water and was the 1st to get to India. They had come to seek Christians and spices. Gained enough money for 60 voyages. Broke Muslim monopoly. |
| Christopher Columbus | Spanish explorer. Studied Ptolemy and Marco Polo. Had 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) |
| 1492 | The year that Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain with 3 ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. |
| Line of Demarcation | A line running north and south down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. This divided the world between Spain and Portugal so that Portugal could claim the lands to the east of the line, while Spain could claim those to the west. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Spanish explorer. Set out w/ 5 ships to find a all water way to Orient (he failed). He say natives that were so large he called them Patagonian (Big feet). He was killed by natives in Philippines. His crew did the 1st circumnavigation. |
| Circumnavigation | Traveling all the way around the earth by water. |
| Mayan | Located in the Yucatan Peninsula. Had many city states. They developed hieroglyphics, the concept of zero, and the calendar(365 1/4 days). They built great pyramids, temples, altars, and paved highways. They worshiped many false gods(feathered serpent). |
| Aztecs | Located in Tenochtitlan on an island in Mexico. It was a walled city with several 4 mile long bridges & it had huge pyramid temple as well as about twenty other temples. Had many canals through the city. Has a strong army. Would sacrifice people. |
| Inca | Located along the western coast of South America (Peru). They were farmers. They had many different communities. They did not do human sacrifices. They developed many great roadways. |
| conquistadors | "Conquerors" sent from Spain to the New World to search for riches, to evangelize the Indians, and to establish Spanish authority. |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Spanish explorer. He founded the Pacific. |
| Hernando Cortes | Spanish explorer. Landed on Mexico. Was called the greatest of the conquistadors. He sunk all of his ships and then went in land toward the Aztec capital. Was very greedy and got gold from the Aztec King. |
| Montezuma | He is the Aztec king that thought that Hernando Cortes was the returning God from Quetzalcoatl. |
| viceroy | An "assistant king" appointed by the Spanish King to oversee affairs in the New World. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer. He went to the New World for only one reason: to find gold. He captured Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, and held him a ransom for enough money to make all of his men rich. He broke his promise and conquered the Inca empire. |
| Atahualpa | The Inca ruler that was captured by Francisco Pizarro. |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish explorer. He was a Roman Catholic friar that arrived in the New World as a missionary. |
| Hernando de Soto | Spanish explorer. He served with Pizarro. He landed in Tampa Bay, Florida, in search for gold. He discovered the Mississippi River. |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado | Spanish explorer. He set out from Mexico. He explored New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Kansas, and the Grand Canyon. |
| Jacques Cartier | French Explorer. He made 3 voyages to what is now eastern Canada. |
| Samuel de Champlain | French Explorer. He explored and colonized around the Saint Lawrence River. |
| Jacques Marquette | French Explorer. He and his friend Louis Joliet explored the Upper Mississippi River. |
| Louis Joliet | French Explorer. He and his friend Jacques Marquette explored the Upper Mississippi River. |
| Henry Hudson | Dutch Explorer. He explored the Hudson River and founded New Amsterdam, which is now New York City. |
| John Cabot | English Explorer. He lead the first English exploration to North America. |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. |
| 1607 | The year the English settled in Jamestown. |
| John Smith | The captain that lead the building of Jamestown and began to explore the land. |
| Pedro Cabral | Portuguese Explorer. After da Gama returned from his historic voyage, this person established a trading post in India. |
| Affonso de Albuquerque | Portuguese Explorer. He discouraged cruelty to the natives and led his men to set up trading posts and plantations. With him Portugal began to build a vast commercial empire. |
| Francis Xavier | He was a famous Jesuit missionary. The Japanese welcomed him. |
| Commercial Revolution | The economic changes in European business practice and thinking during the 15th and 16th centuries. |
| capitalism | Economic system designed to advance wealth. The goal is to advance wealth. People would have to take chances, in hope of making a profit. |
| company | An organization of inventors who pooled their resources, sharing gains as well as losses. |
| joint-stock company | A company in which people invested money and in return were issued stock certificated showing the amount of money they had invested. |
| capital | The money people could gain from the joint-stock company. |
| dividends | Profit given to the stockholders of a joint-stock company. |
| prospectus | Details of a proposed business venture. These were posted in a public place. |
| underwriter | One who wrote his name below the prospectus, pledging to help share the cost of the enterprise. |
| Mercantilism | Economic system that held that the wealth of colonies should benefit the mother country. |
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