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French Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bastille | An old fortress and prison in Paris; it symbolized the Old Regime of France. Its destruction is considered the start of the French Revolution. |
| Blockade | The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic or trade from entering a region. |
| Clergy | Church officials - priests, bishops, etc. |
| Congress of Vienna | Peace conference following the Napoleonic Wars where the delegates attempted to establish long-lasting peace and security. |
| Coup D'état | An overthrow of the government - usually by the military. |
| Continental System | Napoleon Bonaparte's economic policy which called for his allies to boycott (not buy) trade with England. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Document passed by the National Assembly in 1789 outlining the ideals or beliefs of the French Revolution and the civil rights of all men. |
| Delegate | An elected/selected member of a meeting or parliament. |
| Estates | Social classes in France. |
| Estates General | The French Parliament |
| Girondists | Political group that pushed for a republic run by the educated (upper & middle classes) - Moderates. |
| Guillotine | A machine used to behead people in France. |
| Jacobians | Radical political group that pushed for a republic run by the masses (middle class and lower class). |
| King Louis XVI | King of France (1754-1793) when French Revolution broke out; Guillotined. |
| Maximillien Robespierre | Radical leader of the Jacobins and Reign of Terror. |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French general who became emperor and expanded France to most of Europe. |
| Napoleonic Code | a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon. |
| Old Regime | The political & social system that existed in France before the French Revolution. |
| Reign of Terror | Most radical period of the French Revolution when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France and thousands of people were executed. |
| Scorched-Earth Policy | army tactic used by the Russian army against Napoleon's armies; policy of retreat & destruction. |
| Tennis Court Oath | pledge made by the third estate to continue to meet until they created a new constitution for France. |
| Marie Antoinette | Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793) |
| Bourgeoisie | Middle Class made up of merchants, manufacturers, doctors, bankers and lawyers. Even though they had wealth, they did not have privilege or any source of power |
| 1st Estate | French Social Class consisting of the clergy. They owned 10% of the land and paid no taxes. |
| 2nd Estate: | French social class consisting of the nobility. They owned 25% of the land and paid no taxes |
| 3rd Estate | Lowest French social class. They made up approximately 97% of population and owned 65% of the land and were heavily taxed. |
| Enlightenment Ideas | Beliefs about the natural rights of every man such as life, liberty and property, freedom of speech and the press. These ideals heavily influenced the French Revolution. |
| National Assembly | Formed from representatives of the 3rd estate. They demanded basic rights and economic reforms from King Louix XVI. |
| Committee of Public Safety | Group formed by the National Convention after the fall of the king. They had broad power and passed laws to protect France from enemies both external and internal. They were the orchestrator of the Reign of Terror. |
| American Revolution | A revote against the British by the colonists approximately 10 years prior to the French Revolution. It was an inspiration and underlying cause of the French Revolution. |
| Jacobin | A radical political group formed during the French Revolution. Maxmillian Robespierre was the most famous and influential. They advocated for democracy and believed in extreme measures to ensure success. |
| Monarchy | A political system based on the rule of a single person. |
| Sans Culottes | Worked in trades as well as artisans. They were called sans culottes (without pants) because they did not wear long pants. They were a vocal group that called for change. |
| Versailles | A city north of Paris and the site of the palace built by King Louis XiV which symbolized the excess of the monarchy |
| Nationalism | A sense of pride in your country's culture often leading to the desire for self-governance |
| Republic | A form of government where the power is held by the people and their elected representatives |
| Waterloo | 1815 battle outside the Belgian town of Waterloo, in which Napoleon Bonaparte was finally defeated by British Forces. |
| 1st Estate | French social class consisting of the clergy. They owned 10% of land and paid no taxes. |
| 2nd Estate | French social class consisting of nobility. Thye owned 25% of land and paid no taxes. |
| 3rd Estate | Lowest social class. They made up approximately 97% of population, owned 65% of land and were heavily taxed. |
| Enlightenment Ideas | Beliefs about the natural rights of every man, such as life, liberty and property, freedom of speech and the press. These ideals heavily influenced the French Revolution. |
| National Assembly | Formed by representatives of the 3rd estate. They demanded basic rights and economic reforms from King Louis XVI. The establishment of representative government was introduced by the National Assembly. |
Created by:
Bbowe
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