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APHG CH 9 & 11 VOCAB
Wahowski Cy Lakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Development | Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology |
| Gross Domestic Product | Value of the total output of goods and ervices produced in a country during a year |
| Less Developed Country | A country in early stages of development |
| Literacy Rate | The percentages of a country's people who can read and write |
| More Developed Country | A country that has progressed more along the development continuum |
| Primary Sector | Type of service where people directly extract materials from Earth through agriculture and sometimes by mining, fishing and forestry. |
| Productivity | The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. |
| Secondary Sector | Type of service where manufacturers process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products. |
| Structural Adjustment Program | Economic policies that create conditions encouraging international trade such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations and charging citizens more for services. |
| Tertiary Sector | Type of service that involves the provision of goods and services to the people in exchange for payment. |
| Value Added | The gross value of the poroduct minus the costs of raw materials and energy. |
| Break of Bulk Point | A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another |
| Bulk Gaining Industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs |
| Bulk Reducing Industry | An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs |
| Cottage Industry | Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution |
| Fordist | Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly |
| Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
| Labor-Intensive Industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses |
| Maquiladoras | Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico |
| New International Division of Labor | Process that keeps global inequalities in place |
| Post-Fordist | Adoption by companies of flexible work rules such as the allocation of workers to teams theat perform a variety of tasks |
| Right-to-Work State | A US state that ahs passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment |
| Site Factors | Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant such as land, labor, and capital |
| Situation Factors | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory |
| Textile | A fabric made by weaving used in making clothing |
| Trading Bloc | A group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade with other blocs |
| Acid Rain | Type of pollution that forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere by buring fossil fuels |
| Agglomeration | When several industries cluster in one city they an provide support by sharing talents, services, and facilities |
| Capitalist World Economy | Global economic system that is based in high-income nations that have market economies |
| Compressed Modernity | Rapid economic and political change that transformed the coutnry into a stable nation with democratizing political institutions, a growing economy, and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions |
| Deglomeration | Exodus of businesses from a crowded area |
| Deindustralization | When empoloyment in manufacturing as a share of total empolyment has fallen dramatically in the more developed countries |
| Dependency Theory | Analysis that puts primary responsibility for global poverty on rich nations. |
| Distance Decay | As distance increases, business activity decreases until it becomes impractical to do business |
| Economic Development | The process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology |
| Economic Geography | Discipline that studies the impoact of economic activities on the landscape and investigates the reasons behind the location of economic activity. |
| Export Oriented Industralization | Four Asian Tigers directly integrated their economies into the global economy by concentratiing on economic production that can find a place in international markets |
| Fossil Fuels | Residues of plants and animals that were buried milliions of years ago, they are considered non renewable ressources. |
| Global Warming | The increase in Earth's temperature caused primarily by the buring of fossil fuels |
| Friction of Distance | When the the disticse is too great for practical transportation of goods and the cost is too high with increased distance |
| Greenhouse Effect | An anticipated warming of Earth's surface that could melt the polar icecaps and raise the level of the oceans enough to destroy coastal cities |
| Infrastructure | Support services for industiral development |
| Kanto Plain | Japan's dominant region of industrialization which includes Japan and other cities nearby. |
| Location Theory | Explains the locational pattern of economic activities by identifying factors that influence this pattern |
| Locational Interdependence | The influence on a firm's locational decisions by locations chosen by its competitors. |
| Meiji Restoration | Campaign for modernization and colonization |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement signed in 1995 by Mexico, US, and Canada that eliminated barriers to free trade among the three countries. |
| Newly Industrializing Country | Countries especially in Latin America and Asia have experienced economic growth to where they appear to be in the between stages of MDCs and LDCs |
| Northeast District (China) | The industrial heartland in Manchuria which has the region's coal and iron deposits |
| Oligarchs (Japan) | Industrial and military laders that came to political power |
| Post-Industrial Societies | Countries where most people are no longer employed in industry |
| Proven Reserves | The energy depositis that have been discovered but not extracted |
| Potential Reserves | Undiscovered energy deposits |
| Rostow's Stages | Modernization Theory: Traditional Stage, Take-off Stage, Drive to technological maturity, High mass consumption. |
| Secondary Industrial Region | Regions that have developed later and their industrial centers are not as large but their economies are growing |
| Single Market Manufacturers | Single manufacturers that produce one type of good that are located closer to the market to keep costs down |
| Social Development | Indicators of development like the literacy rate, formal education, and good health care |
| Space Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse somethign to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. |
| Special Economic Zones | Government designated areas where foreign investment is allowed and capitalistic ventures are encouraged |
| Substitution Principle | Where business owners can juggle expenses as long as labor, land rents, transportation, and other costs don't all go up at one time |
| Sustainable Development | When people living today should not impair the ability of future generations to meet their needs. |
| Transnational Corporations | Companies that operate factories in countries other than the ones in which they are headquatered |
| Variable Revenue Analysis | The firm's ability to caputre a market that will earn it more customers and money than its competitors. |
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