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APWHS Unit 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Caravanserai | were roadside inns along major trade routes like the ancient Silk Road, that doubled as hubs for the exchange of goods, ideas |
| Camel Caravan | Caravans were often made up of camels, which were able to travel long distances with minimal water and could carry heavy loads |
| Commodities | An article of trade or commerce including agricultural or mining products that can be transported. |
| Gunpowder | invented during the Sui Dynasty in China make things boom |
| Porcelain | most of the time blue and white pottery from china |
| Papermaking | formation of a matted or felted sheet, usually of cellulose fibres, from water suspension on a wire screen |
| Compass | Navigational instrument for determining latitude. |
| Battle of Talas | A battle in 751, where the formidable Tang armies lost to the Arab Muslim army. |
| Banking Houses | These European banks developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade |
| Silkworms | sed by emperors and empress' in Ancient China, and was a symbol of wealth (makes silk) |
| Kashgar | a strategically important oasis on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East, and Europe |
| Samarkand | influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs |
| Bubonic Plague | a highly fatal disease transmitted by fleas |
| Sogdians | were an important merchant society and were incredibly influential in the trade along the Silk Road from China to the Middle East. |
| Travels of Marco Polo | describes his voyage to and experiences in Asia |
| Genghis (Chinggis) Khan | he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history. |
| Ibn Battuta | medieval Muslim traveler who wrote one of the world's most famous travel logs, the Riḥlah. |
| Kublai Khan | ruler of the Mongol Empire established Mongol rule in China under the name of the Yuan Dynasty become first non-Chinese ruler of the whole country |
| Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. |
| Pastoralism | Way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for food. |
| Steppe | flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. |
| Kurultai | Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected. |
| Khanate | a political entity ruled by a leader or ruler, known as the khan, who was similar to a king or emperor |
| Golden Horde | Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire |
| Siege Warfare | constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position |
| Yuan Dynasty | dynasty established by Mongol nomads that ruled portions and eventually all of China from the early 13th century |
| Ilkhanate | Mongol state in the middle east. |
| Yam System | a sort of medieval pony express with stations positioned at intervals of 20-30 miles. |
| Paiza | tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority. |
| Yassa | the oral law code of the Mongols declared in public in Bukhara by Genghis Khan |
| Pax Mongolica | a period of relative stability in Eurasia under the Mongol Empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. |
| Subutai Baghatur | geographical diversity and success of his expeditions, which took him from central Asia to the Russian steppe and into Europe. Great commander following Chinggis Khan |
| Khwarazm Shah | successor to the Saljuqs who ruled Afghanistan and Persia, The shah despised the Mongols and ordered officials to murder Chinggis Khan. |
| Tamerlane | Turkish conqueror who took over Persia and attacked surrounding lands. |
| Dhow | he generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region |
| Astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets, |
| Lateen Sail | Triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against the wind, increasing maneuverability and making early oceanic sailing possible. |
| Stern-Post Rudder | Increased maneuverability. Allowed ships to take advantage of their improved sail power in tacking into contrary of the wind. |
| Monsoon Winds | seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by the differences in temperature between the rapidly heating and cooling landmasses of Africa and Asia and the slowly changingocean waters. |
| Junk | Junks were the first ships to have rudders, which allowed them to be steered easily. |
| Diaspora | the movement, migration, or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland. |
| Zheng He | Great Chinese admiral who commanded a fleet of more than 300 ships in a series of voyages of contact and exploration |
| Bantu | An African-language family whose speakers gradually became the dominant culture of eastern and southern Africa, thanks to their agricultural techniques and, later, their ironworking skills. |
| Griots | a member of a hereditary caste among the peoples of western Africa whose function is to keep an oral history of the tribe or village and to entertain with stories, poems, songs, dances, etc. |
| sub-Saharan | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. |
| Kingdom of Ghana | empire in ancient West Africa. It began in 830 C.E. and ended in 1235 C.E. The name of the empire means ''king of gold. '' |
| Mali Empire | a West African empire that flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries. controlled a vast territory that included parts of modern-day Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, and Niger. |
| Timbuktu | is a city located near the Niger River in modern-day Mali in West Africa. |
| Swahili | Swahili is the name of their language and means 'people of the coast. |
| Swahili city-states | stretched along the East African coast from Somali to Mozambique. |
| Great Zimbabwe | A powerful sate in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast flourished |
| Slave trade | The brutal system of trading African Slaves from Africa to the Americas |
| Zanj revolt | a black-slave revolt against the ʿAbbāsid caliphal empire. |
| Kingdom of Axum | trading nation in the area of northern Ethiopia and Eritrea |
| Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa. |
| Berbers | The indigenous people who lived in the scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. |
| Camels | particularly useful for carrying cargo over long distances due to their ability to survive in the desert. |
| Sundiata Keita | first ruler of the Mali Empire Sundiata Keita, whose name means Lion Prince |
| Mansa Musa | Mansa Musa was the wealthiest king in the history of the world, with his name literally meaning King Musa, |
| Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states |
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