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Enlightenment
Global Studies Lake/Berkowitz/Diaz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| absolute monarchy absolute monarchies | system of government where one person has absolute control |
| constitution | the set of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed |
| divine right | is the belief that an absolute monarch's authority to rule came directly from God |
| enlightened | Influenced by the writings of the Enlightenment philosophers who supported natural rights, the separation of power in a government, the consent of the governed, social contract, and the freedom of expression. |
| The Enlightenment | (mid-1600s to the late 1700s) a period of time in Western Europe when philosophers and writers applied the scientific idea of reason to answer political questions; The Enlightenment is sometimes known as the Age of Reason |
| institution | an organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose like a government |
| judiciary | the part of a government that interprets laws- courts, judges |
| legislature | the part of a government that makes laws- parliament or congress |
| natural right natural rights | right that all people are born with and that John Locke believed the government should protect including the rights to life, liberty, and property; sometimes called "natural laws" |
| separation of powers | an agreement, the social contract, in which we promise to follow the "general will" of the members of the society as expressed by the laws made by the government. In exchange, we receive the liberty to do what we want as long as we do not break those laws |
| tyranny | a government in which a single person rules absolutely in a cruel way |
| social contract | an agreement, the social contract, in which we promise to follow the "general will" of the members of the society as expressed by the laws made by the government. In exchange, we receive the liberty to do what we want as long as we do not break those laws |
| Baron de Montesquieu | (1689-1755) French Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Laws and believed that to keep one person or group from gaining too much power a government should be separated into three branches: judicial, legislative, and executive. |
| Catherine the Great | (1729-1796) an enlightened despot who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796 |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | (1712-1778) French Enlightenment thinker who wrote about the social contract |
| John Locke | (1632-1704) an English Enlightenment thinker who wrote Two Treatises of Government and believed that the role of government is to protect people's |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | (1759-1797) English writer and philosopher who was an advocate for women’s rights and wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman |
Created by:
Mr,Berkowitz
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