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ch 11 and 12 history
8th grade ch 11 and 12 history vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Samuel Slater | Englishman who sailed to the US under a false name. He built the first successful water-powered textile mill in America. |
| Industrial Revolution | in late 18th century Britain, factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work |
| Factory System | a method of production that brought many workers an machines together into one building |
| Lowell Mills | textile mills located in the factory town of Lowell, Massachusetts, founded in 1826 |
| Interchangeable Parts | a part that is exactley like another part |
| Cottin Gin | a machine invented in 1793 that cleaned cotton much faster and far more efficiently than human workers |
| Eli Whitney | invented a machine for cleaning cottin in 1793 called the cottin ginwhich would clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day. |
| Robert Fulton | the first American to provide a regular passenger service through the steamboat. His steamboat was called the Clermont. |
| Samuel F.B. Morse | man who came up with the system of seding messages through a telegrapgh wire through a series of dots and dashes on a paper roll |
| Henry Clay | named Adam's secretary of state; also came up with the Missouri compromise;wanted to strengthen the country and unify its different regions; called Jackson a tyrant; |
| Era of Good Feelings | the years following the war of 1812 because of their lack of partisan politacal strife |
| American System | a plan introduced in 1815 to make the United States economically self-sufficient |
| Nat Turner | an African American man who led a famous rebellion against slavery in Virginia in 1831; him and his followers killed 55 white men, women, and children; he was caught and tried and hanged; this caused fear in the south |
| Missouri Compromise | a series of laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the valance of power between slave states and free states |
| Monroe Doctorine | a policy that U.S. opposition to any European interference in the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe in 1823 |
| nationalism | a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country |
| sectionalsim | the placing of the interests of one's own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | spain handed Florida to the United States and gave up claims to the ORegon Country |
| Jacksonian Democracy | the idea of spreading politicalpower to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule |
| spoils system | the practice of winning candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters |
| kichen cabinet | nickname for Jackson's personal advisors |
| Old Hickory | nickname given to Jackson |
| Indian Removal Act | this 1830 act called for the government to negotiate treaties that would require Native Americans to relocate west |
| Trail of Tears | the tragic journey of Cherokee people from their homeland to Indian Territory between 1838 and 1839; thousands of Cherokee died |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson's vice president understood the problems of South Carolins's farmers because he was one; thought of (Jefferson developed) the Doctorine of Nullification; wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest |
| Tariff of Abominations | an 1828 law that raised the tariffs on raq materials and manufactured goods; it upset Southerners who felt that economic interests of the Northeast were determining national economic policy |
| Doctrine of Nullification | a right of a state to reject a federal laq that it considers unconstitutional |
| Daniel Webster | a senator from Massachusetts and the most powerful speaker of his time; argued that it was the people and not the state that the Union |
| secession | withdrawl |
| inflation | an increase in the price of goods and services and a decrease in the value of money |
| Panic of 1837 | a financial crisis in which banks closed and the credit system collapsed |
| depression | a severe economic slump |
| Whig Party | a political party organized in 1834 to oppose the policies of Andrew Jackson |
| William Henry Harrison | Whigs chose this person from Ohio to run for president because of his military record and his lack of strong political views; had led the army that defeated the Shawnees at the Battle of Tippecanoe;nickname "OldTippecanoe" |
| John Tyler | Whig from Virginia to run as vice president for Whilliam Henry Harrison; he became president when William Henry Harrison died in office |
| Tippecanoe and Tyler Too | became the Whig election slogan |
| Nicholas Biddle | a wealthy well educated man who was the president of the pwerful Second Bank of the United States; Jackson didn't lik/trust |
| Martin Van Buren | elected president in 1836(used to be Jackson's vice president); panic struck about economy after taking office(panic of 1837); blame him for the problems but it wasn't his fault |
| John Quincy Adams | Monroe's secretary of state was New England's choice; he won 1824 election |
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polarbears1
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