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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Enlightenment- An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempt to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society
Social Contract- The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights. Thus creating and organizing society or government.
John Locke- Philosopher believed people could learn from experience and improve themselves. All people born free and equal with three rights LIFE, LIBERTY,and PROPERTY.
Voltaire- - Francois Marie Arouet; published more than 70 books on political essays, philosophy, and drama.
Philosophe- One of the group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment.
Montesquieu- French writer; devoted to political liberty; famous book Spirit of Laws.
Rousseau- Published Social Contract Believed the only good government was formed freely by the people and guided by the "general will".
Mary Wollstonecraft- Published A Vindication of Rights of Woman. Advocate of educated for women. Women need an education to be virtuous and useful
Isaac Newton- English scientist who explained the law of gravity.
Galileo Galilei- Italian scientist whose findings supported the theories of Copernicus (sun centered theory).
Heliocentric Theory- The idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
Scientific Revolution- A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500's in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
Geocentric Theory- In the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
Salon- A social group gathering of intellectuals and artist like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
Baroque- Relating to a grand ornate style that Characterized European Paintings music and architecture in the 1600-the early 1700.
Neoclassical- Relating to a smile elegant style that characterized the arts in European in the late 1700.
Elignets despot- one of the European monarchs who was inspired by the enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the right of subject.
Catherine the Great-Catherine II; - ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796 Ruled with absolute authority, but also sought to reform Russia. After serf uprising she gave nobles absolute power over the serfs.
Declaration of Independence A statement of the reasons for the American colonies’ break with Britain, approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776.
Thomas Jefferson Author of the Declaration of Independence.
Checks and balances Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating others.
Federal system A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states.
Bill of Rights The first ten amendments to the U.S. constitution, which protect citizens’ basic rights and freedoms.
Created by: kcopeland27
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