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APWH Unit1 Vocab
for ms pettit's class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Song Dynasty | Chinese dynasty- "golden age"- many important inventions; magnetic compass, paper money, gunpowder, champa rice, movable type |
| Confucianism | Chinese philosophy that follows the ideas of Confucius- living a moral life, acting correctly in relationships according to power dynamic, filial piety, veneration of ancestors and elders |
| Filial Piety | Confucian idea- the virtue of having great love/respect for one's parents and ancestors |
| Neo-Confucianism | A combination of Confucianism and Buddhism, altho still very much Confucian |
| Theravada Buddhism | Older of the 2 main branches- more conservative teachings, closer to those of Buddha himself- Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia |
| Mahayana Buddhism | Focuses on reverence for Buddha and Bodhisattva- enlightened people who have delayed Nirvana to help other people become enlightened- China, Japan, Central Asia |
| Tibetan Buddhism | Buddhism mixed with shamanism- teaches that through special techniques, one can reach enlightenment in one lifetime |
| Champa rice | Rice that is drought resistant and can be harvested twice a year, introduced to China thru tributary system |
| Grand Canal | Waterway connecting Yellow and Yangtze rivers- begun during Han, finished during Sui |
| Flying Money | Early form of currency- Chinese credit concept that gave vouchers to merchants to be redeemed after their journey to reduce chance of theft |
| Seljuk Empire | Turkic empire in Persia/Iraq, established Turks as major ethnic group in Eurasia, spread Islam, had sultans |
| Delhi Sultanate | First Islamic government of India, 1206-1520, controlled small bit of northern India, centered in Delhi |
| Abbasid Caliphate | 750-1258, had bureaucracy any Muslim could be a part of, more focused on governing than conquering |
| Baghdad House of Wisdom | Academic center of research and translation in Baghdad, preserved lots of Greek and Roman texts |
| Sufism | Mystical tradition of Islam- focused on personal connection with Allah instead of study- focused as well on missions |
| Feudalism | Political system in which lords could oversee land owned by the king in exchange for loyalty, military service, and providing for the subjects that lived there |
| Vassal | Person under protection of a feudal lord whom is owed their allegiance |
| Serf | Agricultural laborer bound to work a feudal lord's estate |
| Manorialism | Economic side of feudalism- focused on agricultural self sufficiency of lords and their serfs |
| Great Zimbabwe | 1250-1350, state that flourished in interior of Africa due to gold trade |
| Cahokia | 900-1250, large city in Mississippian society |
| Maya city-states | Contemporary to Tenochitlan, classical culture of Southern + Central America, had large architecture, calendar system, written language and advanced math |
| Meritocracy | Government where people are selected based on ability (the most qualified holding the power) |
| Syncretism | The blending of two cultural ideas- usually religion |
| Zen Buddhism | Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism- emphasizes meditation and intuition |
| Greek Philosophy | Rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, ethics; distinguished by Socrates, Aristotle, Plato and preserved by Arabs after collapse of Rome |
| Mita System | Economic system in Incan society where people payed taxes with their labor/products- both men/women expected to pay this yearly tax |
| Chinampas | Floating gardens built by lake shores by the Mexica/Aztecs to increase crop yields |
| Waru-Waru Agriculture | Incan form of farming- essentailly terrace farming |
| 3-field system | Crop rotation in which one field had grains, one legumes, and one fallow. Gradually replaced 2-field system in medieval Europe |
| Crusades | 1096-1270, "holy wars" undertaken by Christians to free Holy Land from Muslim rule; spread culture and trade but also failed and where bad |
| Renaissance | rebirth following the Middle Ages,revival of interest in Greek and Roman everything really. Began in Florence |
| Great Schism | Split between Catholic and Orthodox church, 1054 |
| Coercive labor | any form of labor that involves force (slavery, chattel slavery, neoslavery, serfdom, indentured servitude) |
| Fief | Land granted to a vassal in exchange for loyalty/service |
| Buddhist Monks | Buddhist monasteries to study and meditate, open to men and women, tax exempt |
| Caliphate | Islamic empire ruled by anyone thought to be a descendant of Muhammad |
| Dar al-Islam | "house of Islam", land under Islamic rule |
| Sunni | branch of Islam who's members acknowledge the first four caliphs as successors to Muhammad |
| Shiite | branch of Islam who think the successor to Muhammad should be based on heredity |
| Jizya | Tax on non-Muslims living within Muslim empires |
| Caliph | Successor to Muhammad as a political and religious leader of Muslims |
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