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Module 3 Vocabulary
Module 3 Culture - Vocabulary and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Artifacts | The material manifestation of culture, including tools, housing, systems of land use, clothing, etc. "What a culture uses" |
| Mentifacts | The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc. "What a culture believes" |
| Sociofacts | The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational and religious institutions. "What a culture does" |
| Architecture | the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings. |
| Cultural relativism | the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged through the eyes of another culture |
| Custom | something that a group of people does repeatedly that becomes part of their culture (for example, bowing instead of shaking hands in Japan) |
| Ethnocentrism | judging people or traditions based on your own cultural standards |
| Caste System | a rigid set of social classes that provides privileges for the higher classes and limits on the lower classes - a person is born in a caste and castes only change upon reincarnation |
| Indigenous people | the original settlers of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled the area more recently |
| Sequent Occupance | the idea that the current cultural landscape is a combination of all the societies who lived there previously and the changes each group made |
| Sense of place | a strong feeling of identity that is deeply felt by inhabitants and visitors of a location |
| Creole or creolized language | a language that began as a combination of two other languages and is spoken as the primary language of a group of people |
| Diaspora | the scattering a of people from their homeland (especially the Jews from the Holy Land) |
| Lingua franca | a language that groups of people who don't speak the same language use to communicate often for trade or business |
| Cultural convergence | when two cultures become more similar because of frequent interactions |
| Cultural divergence | when a culture splits into different cultures because of lack of interaction |
| Indigenous language | a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people |
| Language extinction | a language that is no longer spoken by anyone as their native language |
| Dialect | different forms of the same language used by groups that have some different vocabulary and pronunciations |
| Ethnic (folk) culture | the cultural traditions that are generally held by a specific ethnic group, often localized in a specific area |
| Ethnic religion | a religion that is focused on a single ethnic group (often in a centralized area) that doesn't attempt to appeal to all people |
| Language family | a collection of languages that are all descended from an original, proto-language |
| Universalizing religion | a religion that attempts to appeal to all people and has a worldwide focus as opposed to a regional focus |
| Acculturation | adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another |
| Assimilation | the process of a person or group losing the cultural traits that made them distinct from the people around them |
| Multiculturalism | when various ethnic groups coexist with one another without having to sacrifice their particular identities |
| Syncretism | the blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait |
| Secularism | a philosophy that interprets life on principles taken solely from the material world, without recourse to religion. |
| Taboo | something that is forbidden by a culture or a religion, sometimes so forbidden that it is often not even discussed |
| Monotheism | belief in only one god |
| Polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Branch | a major division within a religion |
| Gender | For our purposes in class, it refers to the cultural differences in how men are treated differently than women |
| Pilgrimage | a journey to a location that has religious significance |
| Relocation diffusion | Involved the actual movement of the original adopters from their point of origin or hearth to a new place. |
| Expansion Diffusion | Culture/innovation stays strong at the hearth while expanding elsewhere. Includes Contagious, Stimulus and Hierarchical |
| contagious diffusion | Innovation or culture spreads outward through direct person to person contact. |
| hierarchical diffusion | when culture spreads from the top to bottom |
| reverse hierarchical diffusion | when culture spreads from the bottom to top hierarchy |
| Stimulus Diffusion | Type of cultural diffusion that occurs when an element of culture changes as it spreads to new areas. |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
nicholm221
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