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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

All of chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
Somatic Cells (Also called body cells) make up most of your body tissue, and organs.
Gamete Are sex cells, ova, or egg cells (sperm as well).
Germ Cells Cells in your reproductive organs, the ovaries or testes that develop into gametes.
Chromosome One long continuous thread of DNA that consists of a number of genes along with regulatory info.
Homologous Chromosome Two chromosomes, one from the mother, one from the father. Same length of genetic material for each one.
Autosomes Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Sex Chromosomes One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction in which gametes, from two parents unite.
Fertilization The union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote.
Diploid A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes.
Haploid Describes a cell, nucleus or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes.
Meiosis A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus. (Results in gametes or spares).
Mitosis The process by which a single parent cell divided to make two new daughter cells.
Daughter Cells Genetically identical cells formed when a cell undergoes division by mitosis.
Traits Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited.
Gene A piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein.
Homozygous Describes two of the same alleles at a specific locus.
Heterozygous Describes two different alleles at a specific locus.
Genome All of the organim's genetic material, capital letter and a lower case letter.
Genetics The study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms.
Allele Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.
Dominant The inheritance of traits that are typically passed vertically from parent to child where both the parent and the child are affected by the trait or disorder that is related to that gene.
Purebred Also called HOMOZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs with genes that are the SAME.
Recessive A trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits, yet persists in a population among heterozygous genotypes.
Genotype Its complete set of genetic material.
Phenotype The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes; the clinical presentation of an individual with a particular genotype.
Testcross A test cross is a way to explore the genotpye of an organism. Early use of the test cross was as an experimental mating test used to determine what alleles are present in the genotype.
Punnett Square A square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Monohybrid Cross A cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest.
Probability A number that indicates how likely the event is to occur. It is expressed as a number in the range from 0 and 1, or, using percentage notation, in the range from 0% to 100%.
Created by: ed.22523
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