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Ch. 11 reading quiz
Chapter 11 reading quiz - orange book
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acid deposition | Sulfur oxides & nitrogen oxides, emitted burning fossil fuels, that enter the atmosphere where they combine with oxygen & water to form sulfuric acid & nitric acid & return to earth's atmosphere |
Acid precipitation | Conversion of Sulfur oxides & nitrogen oxides acids that return to earth as rain, snow, or fog |
Apparel | An article of clothing |
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | The amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution |
Break of bulk point | A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another |
Bulk gaining industry | An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the inputs |
Bulk reducing industry | An industry in which the final product weighs less or a lower volume than the inputs |
Chlorofluorocarbon | A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, & in plastic foams & fire extinguishers |
Cottage industry | Manufacturing based in homes, rather than in factories, commonly found prior to the industrial revolution |
Ferrous | Metals, including iron, that are utilized in the production of iron & steel |
Fordist production | A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly |
Greenhouse effect | The anticipated increase in earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface |
Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
Just in time delivery | Shipments of parts & materials to arrive at s factory moments before they are needed |
Labor intensive industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses |
Maquiladora | A factory built by a US company in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico |
New international division of labor | Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low paid, less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries |
Nonferrous | Metals utilized to make products other than iron & steel |
Nonpoint source pollution | Pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area |
Outsourcing | A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers |
Ozone | A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 40 kilometers (9-39 miles) above earth's surface |
Photochemical smog | An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions & pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions |
Point source pollution | Pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source |
Post fordist production | Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks |
Right to work law | A US law that prevents a union & a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of a employment |
Sanitary landfill | A place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gasses & odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fores, & to discourage vermin |
Site factors | Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, & capital |
Situation factors | Location factors related to the transportation of materials into & from a factory |
Textile | A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing |
Vertical integration | An approach typicsl of s traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process |