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bios ch. 17
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cell-cell contact | direct interaction between cell surfaces or through cadherins |
autocrine | cell releases small signal molecule and binds to itself |
paracrine | distance between cells. cell releases small signal molecule and binds to another cell |
endocrine | cell sends signals and travles through the endocrine system to antother cell |
endothelial cell makes | nitric oxide |
atrazine | endocrine disrupter that decreases androgens and increases estrogen |
glucocorticoid hormones | synthesized in adrenal glands. |
cAMP can bind and activate | PKA (Protein kinase A) = camp-dependent kinase |
integrin activated by | intracellular changes to change shape and expose its extracellular head domains |
FAK | focal adhesion kinase (integrin binds) |
RTK | receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
MAPK | mitogen activated protein kinase signaling or cascade |
Ras-GEF stimulates | Ras-GDP to release GDP to bind GTP |
Ras-GTP binds and activates | MAPKKK |
nitric oxide synthase (NOS) | catalyzes arginine to make citrulline + NO |
Nitric oxide (NO) | small gas that goes through hydro/hydrophilic regions including cells + membranes + ECM. usually used for autocrine/paracrine signaling |
Active Guanyly cyclase makes | cGMP (from GTP) |
increase in cGMP leads to | muscle relaxation |
eicosanoids | derivatives of phospholipids. all bind and activate GPCR |
peptide hormones | proteins or portions of cleaved proteins |
phosphatases remove | phosphate from dimerized RTK-p, MAPKK-p, MAPK-p |
PI3-kinase | phosphorylates to PI and modifies PIP2 + Pi to PIP3 |
PI | phospholipid with inositol (sugar) |
PLC | (phospholipase C) cuts phospholipids |
DAG | (tail). stays in inner plasma membrane and acivates Protein Kinase C |
IP3 | binds ER channel: opens IP3-gates Ca2+ channel |
GTP-Galpha binds and activates | active phospholipase C which produces IP3 |