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Modules 70-73
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active listening | empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy |
| biomedical therapy | prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology |
| client-centered therapy | a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.) |
| eclectic approach | an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy |
| insight therapies | a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses |
| interpretation | in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight |
| psychodynamic therapy | therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight |
| psychotherapy | treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth |
| resistance | in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material |
| transference | in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent) |
| unconditional positive regard | a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance |
| aversive conditioning | a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). |
| behavior therapy | therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
| cognitive therapy | therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reaction |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) | a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) |
| counterconditioning | behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning |
| exposure therapies | behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid |
| family therapy | therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members |
| group therapy | therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction |
| rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) | a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions. |
| systematic desensitation | a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias |
| token economy | an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
| virtual reality exposure therapy | an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking |
| evidence-based practice | clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences |
| meta-analysis | a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies |
| regression towards the mean | the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average |
| resilience | the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma |
| therapeutic alliance | a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem |
| antianxiety drugs | drugs used to control anxiety and agitation |
| antidepressant drugs | drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors--SSRIs.) |
| antipsychotic drugs | drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient |
| lobotomy | a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain |
| psychopharmacology | the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior |
| psychosurgery | surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. |
| repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) | the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity |
Created by:
margaret_05
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