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Anatomic Landmarks
Oral Radiography DENT-120
| landmark | description | appearance |
|---|---|---|
| incisive foramen | midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate, directly posterior to max central incisors | a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area between the roots of maxillary central incisiors |
| superior foamina of the incisive canal | two tiny openings located on the floor of the nasal cavity | Ant Max PA-two small, round radiolucencies superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors |
| median palatine suture | immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla | thin, radiolucent line btwn max central incisors. Fuses with age, becoming less distinct |
| lateral fossa | smooth, depressed area of the maxilla inferior and medial to infraorbital foramen between max canine and lateral incisors | appears as a radiolucent area btwn max canine and lateral incisor |
| Nasal cavity | pear shaped compartment of bone superior to the maxilla | large radiolucent area superior to maxillary incisors |
| nasal septum | vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae. formed by vomer and ethoid bone | vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity. May be superimposed over the median palatal suture |
| floor of nasal cavity | bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and horizontal portions of palatine bones. Dense cortical bone that define the inf border of the nasal cavity | a dense radiopaque band of bone superior to maxillary incisors |
| anterior nasal spine | sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion fo the nasal cavity | V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum |
| inferior nasal conchae | wafer thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity | diffuse radiopaque masses within the nasal cavity |
| maxillary sinus | paired concavities superior to the maxiallry premolar and molar teeth. At birth, the size of a small pea. May extend to interdental bone, molar furcations, or max tuberosity | radiolucent area superior to apices of maxillary premolars and molars. Floor is a dense radiopaque line |
| Inverted Y | the intersection between the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental image | radiopaque upside down Y superior to the maxillary canine |
| Maxillary tuberosity | rounded prominence of bone posterior to third molar. Blood and nerves enter through this region to supply the Max posterior teeth | radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar on the max posterior PA |
| Hamulus | small hooklike projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate, posterior to the maxillary tuberosity | radiopaque hook like projection posterior to max tuberosity |
| zygomatic process of the maxilla | bony projection of the max that articulates with the zygoma | On a posterior maxillary PA, a J shaped or U shaped radiopacity superior to the maxillary first molar region |
| Zygoma | articulates with the zygomatic process | On a posterior maxillary PA, appears as a diffuse radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process |
| Ramus of the mandible | posterior to the third molar | vertical portion of the mandible |
| body of the mandible | horizontal U shaped portion | extends ramus to ramus |
| angle of the mandible | corner portion of the mandible | formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders of the ramus |
| alveolar process of the mandible | encases and supports lower teeth | bony portion supporting teeth |
| genial tubercles | tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles on the lingual aspect of the mandible | Mandibular PA ring shaped radiopacity inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors |
| lingual foramen | tiny hole in bone on the internal surface of the mandible, near the midline and surrounded by genial tubercles | small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors. |
| Nutrient canals | tubelike passageways that contain nerves and blood vessels, most often seen in the anterior mandible and areas of thin bone | on a mandibular PA, vertical radiolucent bands. On a dental image, readily seen in areas of thin bone. In the edentulous mandible, may appear more prominent |
| Mental ridge | linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of th mandible, extends from the rpemolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward. | thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region. Often superimposed over mandibular anterior teeth |
| mental fossa | scooped out, depressed area of bone located on external surface of anterior mandible, above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region | radiolucent area above the mental ridge, depends on the thicknes of bone |
| mental foramen | hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars | small oviod or round radiolucent area in the apical area of mandibular premolars. May be misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion |
| mandibular canal | tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible, housing the inferior alveolar nerve and BVs | radiolucent band. two thin radiopaque lines represent the cortical walls. appear below or superimposed over mandibular molar teeth |
| mylohyoid ridge | aka internal oblique ridge. Linear prominence of bone located on theinternal surface of the mandible. Serves as an attachment point for the muscle of the same name | dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the apices of the posterior teeth. Usually appears more prominent in the molar region and may be superimposed over the roots of the mandibular teeth.PA /BW |
| external oblique ridge | linear prominence of bone on the external surface of the body of the mandible. The anterior border of the ramus ends here. | radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus, typically ends in the mandibular third molar region. May be viewed on a bitewing or PA |
| anterior border of the ramus | extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge | molar BW, may be seen as a slightly radiopaque vertical band poteior to max and mand molars |
| Submandibular fossa | scooped out depressed area of bone on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge. The submandibular salivary gland is located here | radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. |
| Coronoid process | marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible | NOT seen on a mandibular PA but may appear on a max molar PA. Triangular radiopacity superimposed over or inferior to the max tuberosity |
Created by:
SonyaP
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