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Volcab APWH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sense of commonality based on language, religions, social customs, and territory; sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity | Nationalism |
| The belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men; became popular during the Enlightment | Feminism |
| Chancellor of Russia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor f Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Russia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) in order to create a sense of national unity; assisted German unification in 1871 | Otto Von Bismark |
| A period of rapid growth in the use of machine in manufacturing and production that began in England c.1750 | Industrial Revolution |
| Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution; work was highly skilled and valued | Cottage industry |
| method of production that brought workers and machines together into one building; replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce; decreased the need for skilled labor and led to exploitation of workers | Factory system |
| This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production; conceived c.1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver | Spinning jenny |
| The practice of rotating use of different field from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil; utilized drying the c.1750 time period and led to increased crop yields and growing population | Crop rotation |
| Consolidation and privatization of small landholdings/ common lands into smaller number of large farms in England c.1700; contributed increase in population and the rise of industrialization as farmers were displaced and needed to dins work in the cities | Enclosure movement |
| A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion. Thomas Newcomen built the first crude but workable one in 1712. James Watt vastly improved his device in the 1760s and 1770s. Applied to machinery | Steam Engine |
| 1871-1914 involved development of chemical, electrical, oil, and steel industries. Mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time through the mechanization of the food and cloths. Popular in cinema and radio, mass employment and production | Second Industrial Revolution |
| A device for rapid, long distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North American in the 1830s and 1840s | Telegraph |
| 1868, a Japanese state sponsored industrialization and westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the Shogunate and power being handed over to the Emporer, who previously existed as a spiritual/ symbolic figure. | Meiji Restoration |
| Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776, a precursor to modern captialism | Adam Smith |
| A business That operates in several different countries but in one specific country (headquarters), 2 companies include the United Fruits company and HSBC | Transnational buisness |
| A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers; rose to wealth and prminence during the Industrial Revolution | Middle class |
| An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in cities as opposed to the coutnryside | Urbanization |
| 1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary.,the father of communism. communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society. | Karl Marx |
| a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. | Communism |
| a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. | Socialism |
| a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. | Tanzimat Reforms |
| A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era. | Young Turks |
| A late nineteenth century movement in which the Chinese under the Qing Dynasty attempted to modernize their army and encourage Western investment in factories and railways | Self Strengthening Movement |
| HSBC was established in 1865 to finance trade between Europe and Asia. Initially founded in the British colony of Hong Kong it benefited from the opening of China to trade, including the opium trade. | HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) |
| an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. | Capitalism |
| An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members; popularized after worker exploitation common after the Industrial Revolution | Labor union |
| Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production | Proletariat |
| the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people | Bourgeoisie |
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21violap
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