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Aberant Pub Hea ex2
NYCC public health exam 2 AIDS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| AIDs is characterized by HIV _____________, HIV _________ __________, and/or certain diseases due to immunodeficiency in a person with laboratory evidence for HIV infection or without certainother causes of immunodeficiency. | encephalopathy, wasting syndrome |
| Is just the presence of HIV a diagnosis of AIDS? | no |
| In order to be diagnosed with AIDs, what 3 things must be present: | 1-evidence of HIV infection, 2-Immunodeficiency, 3-Opportunistic infections or cancer |
| How many people worldwide are estimated to be infected with HIV? | 50,000,000 |
| Region of the world with the highest number os HIV infection | Sub-saharan Africa |
| Region with the highest growing population of HIV infections | Asia (heat of the moment) |
| Worldwide, how many people ages 15-24 become infected every minute? | 5 |
| Worldwide, what percentage of all adult HIV infections have resulted from heterosexual intercourse? | 80% |
| What accounts for 90% of HIV infections worldwide in infants and children? | mother to child transmission |
| Estimated number of persons infected with HIV in the US | 1-1.2 million |
| Of thes 1-1.2 million people infected with HIV in the US, what fraction have no idea they are HIV positive? | 1/3 |
| How many new HIV infections each year in the US | 40,000-50,000 new cases per year |
| What percentage of the 40,000-50,000 new cases of HIV infection in the US are men? | 70% |
| year of first recorded US case of death from HIV-AIDS | 1980 |
| In 1981, Dr. Curran from the CDC made the erroneous statement>>> | there is no apparent danger to non-homosexuals from contagion, etc. |
| Despite Dr. Curran's stupid statement in 1981, by 1982 there were over 400 cases from 23 cases reported to the CDC. In what two populations were these cases reported? | Hatians and haemophiliacs |
| In 1982, along with Hatian and haemophiliac reports of infection, what was the other "first" reported regarding HIV infection? | mother to infant (so it was no longer a "gay disease") |
| In 1982 with the Hatians, haemophiliacs, and mother to infant transmission, people began to fear what kind of transmission of HIV | person to person (because gay people aren't people. what?) |
| In 1983, we stopped suspecting gays and Hatians and started suspecting __________as the reason for HIV transmission? | blood |
| In what year did Pasteur Institute isolate a virus and what did they name it? | 1983, LAV |
| LAV stands for | Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus |
| Does the Pasteur Institute know that LAV is the same as HIV when they first identify it? | no |
| Pastuer Inst. sends LAV to the CDC and Dr. Gallo at the NIH in 1983. Even though Dr. Gallo would get credit for the discovery, what year did everyone find out LAV and HIV were the same thing? | 1985 |
| In what year between 1980 and 1990 did discrimination against HIV-infected people run rampant? | 1983 |
| examples of rampant discrimination in 1983 against HIV-infected people | NYC landlords evicting them, Soc Security admin begins phone interviews instead of face to face, funeral directors refuse to embalm, med personnel refuse to treat, people fired, children pulled from school |
| in 1983, the year of heinous discrimination agains infected persons, what was begun at San Francisco General Hospital? | the first dedicated AIDs unit |
| The year before it was discovered that LAV and HIV were the same virus, what did Margaret Heckler of DHHS declare? | that Dr. Gallo of the National Cancer Institute had isolated the virus, named it HTLV-III and there would be a commercially available test for the virus |
| In 1986, the International Committee on Viral Taxonomy named LAV and HTLV-III a single name: | HIV |
| In what year was AZT first used as an anti-AIDs drug, after it had been used as an anti-cancer drug in 1964? | 1986 |
| In 1987 when Princess Diana was still alive, she visited the first AIDS hospital ward in England and to the horror of law-abiding citizens everywhere, she | shook hands with AIDS patients WITHOUT WEARING PROTECTIVE GLOVES (faint) |
| In 1988, the year I graduated high school, federal funds were prohibited for funding | needle exchange programs in NYC and San Francisco |
| In what year does AIDs become the leading cause of death in the US? and in what age group? | 1994, ages 25-44 |
| Since 1981, there have been _____________deaths due to AIDs. | 250,000 |
| Between 1981 and 1994 when AIDS became the leading cause of death in the US for the 25-44 age group, how many people died? | 250,000 |
| Between 1995-1996, what becomes the standard drug treatment for AIDs? | The AIDs cocktail, a triple drug combination therapy. Patients now live longer with HIV & AIDS |
| In 2000, the CDC reports that AIDS affects __x more African-Americans than whites. | 6x |
| In 2000, the CDC reports that AIDS affects Hispanics ___x more than whites. | 3x |
| In 2002, the CDC states that AIDS is the #___ cause of death of African-American women in the US. | #10 |
| First major figure to die of AIDS (1985) | Rock Hudson |
| The _________________________ was passed by congress to provide grants to improve the quality and availability of care to those who are HIV+ (1990) | Ryan White CARE Act |
| In 1987, Liberace died of AIDS. In 1991, what famous basketball player announces he's HIV+? | Magic Johnson |
| Rudolf Nuryev, Arthur Ashe, Amanda Blake, Freddy Mercury, Jerry Smith, Halston, Thomas Waddell, Esteban DeJesus, Ian Charlesson, Brad Davis | famous people dead from AIDS |
| the big personal rights controversy with AIDS | public rights or HIV+ rights (ie, notification of doctors, sex partners, dentists, etc) |
| What two assholes made even bigger assholes of themselves than a person could possibly imagine? | Jerry Falwell, Pat Buchanan |
| Are Americans informed about the transmission of HIV? | no |
| there is an AIDS cluster in southwestern New York state. What county? | Chautauqua |
| fluids of HIV transmission (5) | semen, blood, vaginal fluid, breast milk, other bodily fluids containing blood |
| Physical modes of transmission (3) | 1. sex (any blood contact), 2. blood to blood, 3. mother to fetus or infant (in utero or breastfeeding) |
| behaviors of high risk AIDS | unprotected any kind of sex, needle-sharing, blood contact, multiple sex partners |
| moderate behavior risk for AIDS | sex toy sharing (eww), condom sex, unprotected oral sex, oral-anal |
| low risk AIDS behaviors | protected blood contact (latex), oral sex with condom, protected vaginal intercourse |
| safe from AIDS behaviors | abstinence, mutually monogamous rel. with non-inf. person |
| the best single predictor defining AIDS | total CD4 Lymphocytes |
| CD4 lymphocytes | best predictor for serious opportunistic infections that define AIDS |
| level of CD4 cells in healthy adult | 1000+/-200 cu. mm.(between 800-1200) |
| Way to follow disease progression is to | count CD4 - can track HIV status to full-blown AIDS |
| when the CD4 count drops to ________, symptoms of AIDS can be seen | 600 |
| When the CD4 count hits __, the opportunistic infections characterizing AIDS appear | 200 (opportunistic infection) |
| What is the CD4 down limit at which AIDS patients can still be helped? | 200 (opportunistic infection) |
| when the CD4 count drops to _______, death is imminent. | 50 - need triple digits to stay alive |
| can a patient recover from below 50 CD4 count? | rare |
| what is a CD4 count? | T-lymphocyte level |
| what kind of inhibitors are used in AIDS meds? | protease inhibitors |
| #1 cause of AIDS-related death | pneumocystis pneumonia |
| pneumocystis pneumonia organism is Pneumocystis, a _________ | protozoa |
| #2 cause of AIDS related death, after pneumocystis pneumonia | Crypt-o-sporidosis |
| Cryptosporidosis is sure to put you in a crypt. The organism Cryptosporium sp. is a _________ | Protozoa |
| #3 cause of AIDS-related death is a bacterium called Mycobacterium ____________ and M. avium. | Tuberculosis |
| #4 cause of AIDS death is ____________, a gondii protozoa | Toxoplasmosis |
| Neu Crypts are Tu Toxic for Canadians | PNeumonia Cryptosporidis are Tuberculosis Toxoplasmosis for Candidiasis |
| Candidiasis is a | yeast infection - the organism is Candid albicans |
| What number is Candidiasis on the AIDS-related death list? | #6 |
| Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Salmonellosis are all | opportunistic infections associated with AIDS |
| 2 cancers associated with AIDS | Kaposi's Sarcoma, Primary Beta-cell carcinoma |
| sharing of cigarettes, cigars, pipes with inf. person | not |
| receiving blood from an HIV infected person | verified |
| HIV infected mother to fetus | verified |
| HIV infected father to fetus | not |
| mosquitoes to person | not |
| lip kissing with HIV infected | not |
| tongue or "wet kissing" with HIV infected | not |
| sharing eating utensils with HIV infected | not |
| sharing toilet facilities with HIV infected | not |
| sharing razors with HIV infected | verified |
| sharing linens/bed/pillows with HIV infected | not |
| HIV infected breast milk to infant | verified |
| sneezed, coughed upon by HIV infected | not |
| anal intercourse with infected | verified |
| HIV infected female to male intercourse | verified |
| female to female sex | not |
| CPR on HIV positive | not |
| HIV patient to medical worker | verified |
| HIV medical worker to patient | verified |
| Swimming in pool with HIV infected | not |
| a positive HIV antibody test means you have AIDS | false |
| a positive HIV antibody test means you have been exposed to the virus | true, or there wouldn't be antibodies |
| HIV can be transmitted by a person without symptoms | true |
| babies born with AIDS dev natural immunity and will be fine | false |
| pregnant women transmit AIDS to fetus | true |
| Most HIV infected became that way due to intravenous drug use | false |
| condoms significantly reduce AIDS transmission | true |
| the AIDS virus can remain virulent in dried blood outside the body for several hours | false (it's a weak virus) |
| to date 2005 there are no confirmed cases of female to female sexual transmission of HIV (even due to scissoring, Erik). | true, none so far to June 2006 |
| what year did AIDS reporting to state health dept of NY begin | 2000 |
| what has to be reported by law to NY state health depts by docs and labs since 2000 | HIV infection and HIV illness |
| how is HIV infection/illness determined | CD4 and viral load testing |
| since 1983, what has been required reporting | AIDS, but now people live longer with HIV before dev AIDS so HIV is also required reporting |
| doctors and labs in NY state must report 2 things: | names of people with AIDS/HIV, names of sex and needle-sharing partners of people who test positive for HIV that are known to the doctor |
| getting an AIDS test is voluntary | true |
| giving names of your partners or junkie friends is voluntary | true |
| you can work with your doc or health dept to inform your partners one of three ways: | 1.PNAP (partner notification assistance program) of health dept or CNAP (contact notification assistance program in NYC), 2. use your doc and these two programs, 3. tell your partners yourself |
| which is anonymous, PAP or CNAP | CNAP |
| what will PAP or CNAP do if you opt to tell your partners yourself | follow up and if you didn't, they will tell them and bust you anyway |
| can you be penalized and treatment denied if you choose not disclose the names of your partners to a doc or public health worker? | no, but you can be arrested and tried for murder if you knowingly transmit the disease |
| you should get tested if | you ever had sex without a latex condom, shared needles to shoot up, shared tat or piercing needles, had an STD or STI, had many sex partners |
| are there meds that reduce a woman's chance of passing HIV along to her fetus? | yes, so get tested if preggers or planning to be |
| 2 types of HIV testing? | anonymous and confidential |
| anonymous testing does not involve your | doctor |
| can you change your status from anon to confidential if you test at a public health clinic and turn out to have HIV? | yes |
| will the health dept share your test info with other govt agencies/ | no, only for health dept to track epidemic or for partner notification |
| will they tell INS? | no |
| If I'm under 18, will the health dept notify my parents that I've been HIV tested? | no, not even if you are HIV+ |
| is there discrepancy in our notes about PAP vs PNAP? | yes, but both mean partner identification assistance and it's too late to ask the prof |
| will PNAP/CNAP tell your partner your name when they inform them they may be at risk for HIV?AIDS? | no |
| who can provide the list of HIV heathcare providers in NY state | NY State HEalth Dept |
| can I get HIV care assistance even if Im on medicade or don't have ins? | yes, through the AIDS Drug Assistance PRogram (ADAP)+ |
| if you feel you've been discriminated against because of your HIV/AIDS status, what to do? | file complaint with NY State DIvision of Human RIghts Office of AIDS DIscrimination Issues(NYSDHROADI) NY State Dis H-ROAD-I |
Created by:
hecutler
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