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HIST 2302 Exam 1

TermDefinition
Causality Why did a historical event happen
Change over time Somethings are different today than in the past Technology, women in the workplace, religiosity
Coffee commodity that provided places for politics and socialization in the Ottoman Empire, controversial due to it being a legal stimulant
Complexity Not easy Simple answers are usually not the right answer Embrace complexity rather than shy away
Context Information given before understanding Star wars intro
Contingency If A happens, then B happens If A doesn’t happen, then B doesn’t happen History is interconnected, if you change a prior condition in history, then history would have changed
Elmina Portuguese trading fort that sold slaves in Africa
Gangá-Longobá Cuban group of people who came from slaves and traced their cultural dancing and singing to the Banta people in Africa, traced their heritage to the slave Josefa Ganga
Gold Commodity that the Spanish were after in the Americas, one of the three "G" in history, directly related to wealth
Hispanola Name given to the place of first encounter with Columbus
Iberia Peninsula in Europe with Spain and Portugal, on the economic periphery
Inca Empire Empire in South America, large road system, name of empire is actually the name of the leader, leader is chosen by battle, strongest left is the leader rather than next of kin
Janissary Slaves in the Ottoman empire that were given to the state as a form of child tax. this specific slave was part of an elite infantry group
Lienzo de Tlaxcala Cloth piece showing the conquest of the Spanish and the Tlaxcalans over multiple tribes in Mexico. Tlaxcalans made this in order to show the king of Spain how supportive they were of the Spanish.
Little Ice Age 17th century drop in overall temperature by 2 degrees Celsius, caused mass poverty, famine, and unrest.
Malinche/Malintzin Translator for Cortes during his conquest of Mexico
Manila Galleon first truly global trade route in world history, China needs silver that comes from Americas, Americas need some Chinese goods, ships traveled over the Pacific.
Marronage Marooning (escaping enslavement) in order to start a new seperate community
Martin Luther Started the Protestant reformation, posted his 95 theses that were propositions for the Catholic Church
Mexica Empire Empire in Mexico, aka the Aztecs, had extreme dominance in south/central Mexico and did not have a good relationship between the core and the periphery
Middle Passage Massive transport of African slaves from Africa to the New World. Boats were packed in order to make up for any losses rather than improve the terrible conditions
Potosí Largest silver mine in the Americas, 32 million pounds of silver was mined between 1503-1660, large amounts of indigenous people died in this silver mine, and 3/4 ended up in China
Primary Source Source that is a first hand account or produced in the era that it occured
Qing Dynasty Dynasty in 17th century China, multi-ethnic, most advanced economy in the world and based their currency on silver due to high inflation, taxed in silver, started the Manila Galleon because of the high demand for silver
Quipu Knotted fabrics from the Inca that were used for record keeping
Reconquista Expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal, Portugal completes this expulsion 150 years before the Spanish, happened due to the demand for land by Catholic Spanish and pushed out the Jews for their land
Reformation Started the Protestan religion, Martin Luther posted his 95 theses that started this period, started both a political and religious change
Romanov Dynasty Last royal line in Russia, rebuilt Muscovy and rebooted the empire, people looked toward the church for leadership rather than the crown, attempted to Westernize Russia and moved the capitol to St. Petersburg and built it in the French style
Roxelana Slave in the Ottoman Empire that was bought by a lord as a concubine, rose up and became the lord's right hand man
Secondary Source A source that is written about a primary source, usually written by historians
Sharia Law that Muslims were subjected to in the Ottoman Empire
Siege of Vienna 1529 Led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottomans challenged authority of Christian kingdoms, not successful, signified the permanent Muslim prescence in Southeastern Europe, started the height of Ottoman influence
Silver Mined in Americas by the Spanish, China based their currency on this metal because it was the only rare commodity in China, influenced the start of the Manila Galleon
Sugar Commodity grown in the Americas, specifically Brazil and the Caribbean, increase of African slavery and the start of the giant African slave network
Suleiman the Magnificent Led the failed 1529 Siege of Vienna which led to Ottoman power in Southeastern and Central Europe
Tenochtitlán Main hub in the Mexica empire, conquered by Hernan Cortes, had about 250,000 inhabitants at its peak
Thirty Years’ War Series of different and devastating wars over a certain time period in different parts of Europe. Included the English Civil War, persecution of Huguenots in France, and General Protestant-Catholic rivalries
Timar Ottoman empire gives out land grants in this area in return for military service. This promoted conquest, reduced the cost of warfare, and puts warriors loyal to the sultan in the peripheries of the Ottoman Empire
Siege of Vienna 1683 Second attack on European city, Habsburg and Polish-Lithuanian collaboration leads to defeat of Ottoman Army, marks the beginning of Ottoman territorial loss, end of the height of the Ottoman influence
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