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Chapter 18
The Reproductive System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The hormone released by the area of the brain known as the hypothalamus beginning at the onset of sexual maturity in both males & females is: | the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) |
GnRH is needed for: | both sexual maturity and normal reproduction |
The Female Reproductive System consists of: | 2 ovaries, 2 fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina |
The menstrual cycle is made up of 2 states of being: | ovulation & menstruation. |
An ovary normally matures & releases an egg (ovulation): | about 11 to 17 days before the woman's next menstrual period or approximately once every 28 to 30 days. |
The egg is released from: | the ovary and into a fallopian tube & swept by tiny hairlike cells (cilia) and smooth muscle action into the uterus. |
Females are born with about_________ oocytes or eggs: | 2 million |
By the time puberty, only about ______ eggs remain: | 400,000 |
Estradiol: | is the most abundant & most active of the estrogens. |
The main function of estradiol: | to stimulate the developement of the uterine lining and the mammary glands, readying the body for pregnancy. |
The estrogens are known as: | Feminizing Hormones. |
___________is the most potent form of estrogen in premenopausal women. | Estradiol |
______is a weaker estrogen & is formed when estradiol & estrone are metabolized. | Estriol |
Progesterone literally means_____? | Hormone for life. |
Estrogen has little effect if___? | The female reproductive cycle is considered as a 28 day cycle(the average age), during the first 12days. |
A woman is most fertile ____ | Around the time that she is ovulating. |
Some women can tell they are ovulating by: | Watching for changes in vaginal discharge or body temperature. They also feel pain when the egg is released. |
PMS stands for? | Premenstrual Syndrome |
PMS occurs____ | During the phase before the phase before the periods, which most women describe as uncomfortable. |
There are several types of chemical contraceptives: | Estrogen & Progesterone combinations and progesterone only. |
There are 2 main mechanisms of action of the contraceptives: | Prefertilization & Post Fertilization mechanisms |
Prefertilization Mechanisms Include: | Prevent ovulation & to thicken cervical mucus to provide a barrier to sperm reducing likelihood of implantation |
Post Fertilization Mechanisms Include: | Change in the lining of the uterus to block implantation of the embryo. |
How do you define conception? | The conjoining of an egg & sperm. |
POPs is? | Contraceptives used to prevent pregnancy are also called minipills. (birth-control) |
Drugs that may interfere with the active ingredients of birth-control agents are___ | Anti-biotics, Anti-fungal, Anti-epileptic, & Anti-convulsant drugs. |
Spermicides are found in various forms such as: | Creams, Foams, Gels, Suppositories, & Vaginal Film. |
Vaginal filmstrips are good for ____ hour(s) after insertion. | 1 |
_____are best for effective protection from transmission of bacterial & viral infections. | Latex Condoms |
The size of the diaphragm is determined by: | A measurement of the vagina taken by the provider to securely fit. |
Diaphragms must be worn for____ hours after intercourse? | 6 |
Intrauterine Devices (IUD) are__? | Small, flexible devices composed of metal and/or plastic. |
A sexually transmitted disease is (STD)___ | a disease caused by a pathogen that is spread from person to person primarily through sexual contact. |
STDs occur most commonly in___ | Sexually active teenagers & young adults. |
During the fourth or fifth month of gestation___ is secreted by the pituitary gland | Prolactin |
Oxytocin which is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland causes___ | labor contractions. |