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Donahay unit 6 test
study materials based on review guide, jenga questions, cover sheet, & my notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the mythical leader of the Luddites or machine smashers? | Captain Ned Ludd |
| British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames. These people destroyed machinery. They got their name from a fabled weaver. They believed that machines would make their jobs obsolete. | The Luddites |
| Which 19th century invention changed transportation and production the most? | The steam engine |
| Who was the Ethiopian king who embraced industrialization and modernization? | Emperor Menelik II |
| Who was the famous explorer who had his heart buried in Africa and had his body sent back to be buried in England? | Dr David Livingstone |
| Who was the British engineer and inventor who built the more efficient model of the steam engine? | James Watt |
| Who was the British economist who was considered the father of capitalism and wrote The Wealth of Nations? | Adam Smith |
| German writer and economic theorist who is most famous as the father of communism | Karl Marx |
| Entrepreneurs bringing work to farmers and to hand craft goods. the entrepreneurs often would make lots of profit paying a little to each farmer to do different parts of the work and then bringing it to the market and selling it for much more money. | Putting out system |
| Wealthy farmers buying common land and fencing it off for private use | Enclosure movement |
| 19th century industrialization enabled what? | New imperialism |
| Countries turning more to mechanized factories to produce goods. | Industrialization |
| Economy based on the laws of supply and demand | Market economy for example capitalism |
| Economy where a child becomes a farmer like the rest of their ancestors | Traditional economy |
| Economy where production is planned out by the government | Command economy |
| Which British colony was considered the "Jewel in the Crown?" | India |
| Whose slogan was "Death to the foreign devils" | The boxers or "The Righteous and Harmonious Fists" |
| The European view of ethnic superiority and dominance in the world | social darwinism |
| When the government does not interfere at all with the market or economy and let the companies rule themselves | Laissez-faire economics |
| A poem written by Rudyard Kipling and a belief that it is the duty of white people to take over and "civilize" the other races. The poem said Imperialism was a god give duty, that the Britons should spread their tech, language, culture, etc. | White Man's Burden |
| People that were part of this covered themselves in sacred water to deflect bullets. Lead by Kinjikitile Ngwale. This happened in Tanzania and the rebels fought against the Germans. | Maji-Maji Rebellion |
| This was lead by Muhammad Ahmad who called himself the Mahdi. The Mahdi called for a holy war in Egypt. When the Mahdi died there was in-fighting. The British had been keeping out of it but came in and took over when the in-fighting started. | Mahdist Rebellion |
| This happened in South Africa it was between the Dutch, the British, and the native people. In this the Dutch used guerrilla tactics and the British used concentration camps. The British won and put in place Apartheid. | Boer War |
| When Italy lied to Ethiopia in a treaty and tried to take over Ethiopia fought back. Ethiopia won. | Battle of Adawa |
| The British employed Indians to be part of battalions. These people revolted because of mistreatment. The bullet casings were lined with cow or pig fat and required the men to bite them to open them, this was a big no no because these animals were sacred | Sepoy Rebellion |
| This happened in China. This involved "The Righteous and Harmonious Fists" who believed china needed to rid itself of the European influence. The rebellious group laid siege to Beijing. | Boxer Rebellion |
| Between China and Britain. The trade between China and Britain was far better for China and was getting to be unsustainable from the Britain perspective. Britain got China hooked on opium to fix this problem. China banned opium but Britain kept fighting. | Opium Wars |
| 4 factors of production | capital, labor, market, and resources |
| Fertilizer, steel-tipped plow, crop rotation, and seed drill are all examples of | Scientific farming |
| What do you call the shift of the population from rural areas to cities? During the industrialization this was due to a loss of land and a need for a job. | Urbanization |
| The higher class that has more wealth. Made their money through owning land or companies. Similar to the nobles of old. | Bourgeoisie |
| The lower, working class. Have to work to make money. Similar to peasants. hard for them to move up in society. | Proletariat |
| The idea that a free market will act predictably with supply and demand and that it will work itself out. | The invisible hand in economics |
| overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution | Industrial revolution living conditions |
| Employees were exposed to many risks such as toxic chemicals, trauma caused by machinery, and cramped conditions. Often they were barely payed enough to pay for rent | Industrial revolution working conditions |
| John Loudon McAdam came up with a method to make paths that were made of layers of rocks to prevent them from becoming unusable when it rained | Macadamized Roads |
| Similar to communism. Based in Britain. Believed that capitalism was too flawed. Unlike communists believers in this are not revolutionary. | Fabian Socialism |
| This man wrote "White Man's Burden" and he grew up in British India. He also wrote other things such as the "Jungle book," "Just So Stories." and "The Man Who Would Be King" | Rudyard Kipling |
| Resources, money, political power, spreading Christianity, racism etc. | Motives for imperialism |
| Military superiority, Steam power, medicine etc. | European advantaged in 2nd wave imperialism |
| e way in which European countries brought nearly all of the African continent under their control as part of their separate empires | scramble for Africa |
| King Leopold II of Belgium took over this place to get political power and make money. The main resources here were rubber and ivory. King Leopold greatly mistreated the people in the area. people were forced to work and got their hands cut off. | The Congo |
| this colony was considered the "imperial lifeline." It controlled the suez canal. | Egypt |
| Japan based their government after this country | Germany |
| Japan based their navy after this country | Britain |
| Japan based their schools after this country | USA |
| American Journalist who grew famous fro "finding" Dr Livingstone. In the article he wrote about it, Stanley greeted Livingstone by saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" His story was seldom believed until Livingstone's body was returned to England. | Henry Stanley |
| This place was where the fighting took place in the movie we watched. Britain wanted this place so that they could establish more dominance by gaining more colonies. | Sudan |
| this book was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It called the "Workers of the world unite!" it wrote that capitalism would self destruct and that making everyone the same class would end class struggles. | The Communist Manifesto |
| this is when Japan stopped having Shoguns and went back to using emperors. This was so Japan could have a more centralized government which made it better at modernizing and participation in imperialism. Created a national army and school system. | Meiji restoration |
| This factor of production refers to assets such as owning a factory, machinery, tools, etc. | Capital |
| This factor of production refers to the workforce needed to produce goods and services. Some people during this time used slave, child, or forced versions of this. | Labor |
| This factor of production refers to the place or system where trading happens. it is governed by supply and demand. This factor can be completely free or it can be controlled by the government | Market |
| This factor of production refers to raw materials such as land, wood, steel, coal, man power etc. needed to produce goods. | Resources |
| This is when there were more improvements in farming. people started using scientific farming and finding ways to improve equipment. Because food production and farming became more efficient less farmers were needed meaning farmers lost their jobs | Agricultural revolution |
| American naval commander of the US naval fleet that "opened Japan" in 1853 with the threat of bombardment and refusal to leave Japanese waters | Commodore Perry |
| German writer and economic theorist, who along with Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. He often supported Marx financially and is the lesser-known of the 2 socialist authors. | Friedrich Engels |
| English scientist who discovered the principles of electromagnetism and invented the first dynamo, the foundation for generating electrical current even today. | Michael Faraday |
| American engineer who invented the first steamboat. His ship the Clermont steamed the Hudson River in New York starting 1807. | Robert Fulton |
| British economist during the Great Depression who advocated increased government spending, or stimulus, in response to the Depression. This was in contrast to the economists who wanted to cut government spending during the Depression. | John Maynard Keynes |
| British explorer famous for expeditions throughout Africa, including the search for the source for the Nile River. He was a Christian Missionary and opponent of the slave trade. He famously got "Lost" fir years in Africa | David Livingstone |
| queen of the British Empire from 1837-1901. Ruled over Britain during the Height of its naval and imperial power. The victorian age is named after her. | Queen victoria |
| This motive of imperialism has to do with the location of land and resources. Nations wanted control over canals, rivers, harbors, etc. | Geopolitical motives of imperialism |
| This motive of imperialism had to do with the spread of Christianity and European education. | Religious motives of imperialism |
| This motive of imperialism has to do with owning trade routs and making money. Countries who used this motive took advantage of the resources of the areas they took over so that they could make a profit. | Economic motives of imperialism |
| This motive of imperialism involved Social Darwinism. Nations with this motive believed that European culture was better than those of the countries they were Imperializing | Social motives of imperialism |
| This motive of imperialism had to do with the military superiority and technological advancements of Europe. These advancements helped the European countries have the power to take over the countries they colonized. | Technological motives of imperialism |
| Ancient Roman general who defeated an invading army by avoiding major battles and using delaying tactics what wore his opponent down. His name applies to Fabian Socialism, the British movement toward democratic socialism. | Fabius Maximus |
| Ethiopian king who embraced industrialization and modernization. He successfully maintained Ethiopia's independence when every other African nation did not. He successfully defeated an italian imperialist army at the Battle of Adawa. | Menelik II |
| Japanese Emperor who proclaimed the Meiji restoration. He took control of Japan back from the Tokugawa Shoguns and embarked on a massive industrialization and modernization campaign. Successfully resisted imperialism and made Japan an imperialist power | Mutsuhito |
| British engineer who invented the very first steam engine. It was quickly replaced by a much more efficient engine designed by James Watt | Thomas Newcomen |
| British champion of imperialism. Famous for investing his massive wealth into imperialist ventures in Africa. Advocated for a "Cairo-to-Capetown" Railroad that would cross Africa from North to South and run through British colonies. Rhodes Scholarship | Cecil Rhodes |
| British economist, considered the father of capitalism and father of classical economics. Wrote the Wealth of Nations. Opposed government protection policies of mercantilism and the corn laws. Wanted free trade, low tariffs, and no government intervention | Adam Smith |
| American Journalist famous for finding Dr Living stone and saying "Dr Livingstone, I presume" | Henry Stanley |
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