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Global Tapestry (C)

Terms associated with culture in 1200 - 1450

TermDefinition
Angkor Wat temple complex - Southeast Asia -
Bhakti Movement Hindu movement - southern India - decreased importance on ritual - emphasized inner reflection - personal relationship with particular deity
Neo-Confucianism Revival of Confucian teachings - added ideas from Daoism and Buddhism - focused on more than just proper behavior
Cordoba Capital of Muslim Spain - economic center - culture and learning flourished - religious tolerance
Dar al-Islam literally means "House of Islam" - parts of the world where Islam is a dominant force - Cordoba, Mamluks, Seljuks, Delhi Sultanate
Dhimmi non-Muslim living under protection of Muslim state - originally just Jews & Christians - later included Hindus in South Asia - permitted to freely practice their own religion
Filial piety Confucian concept - honoring of parents and ancestors
Foot binding Chinese custom - breaking and tightly binding feet of young girls to change size and shape - considered status symbol and mark of beauty - also made it easier to confine women to household
Griots sub-Saharan African - oral historian - keepers of traditions - singers and storytellers - advisors to king
House of Wisdom Baghdad - intellectual center for research and translation - established by Abbasid caliphate
Huitzilopochtli Aztec god of sun and war - central figure of human sacrifice
Humanism Most important concept of Renaissance - broke from tradition of religious motivation for art - concerned with secularism and glorification of individual
Machu Picchu Incan city - nearly 8,000 feet above sea level - Andes Mountains - believed to be royal estate or ceremonial center
Mahayana Buddhism Branch of Buddhism - "Greater Vehicle" - less emphasis on original canon - become bodhisattva - stay in samsara and lead other people toward enlightenment - most popular in East Asia
Monasticism Religious practice - renounce wordly pursuits - devote entire life to spiritual work - Christian & Buddhist monks and nuns
Quechua Language - spoken by Incas - unified empire
Qutub Minar Indian "victory tower" - built by Delhi Sultanate - marked beginning of Muslim rule in India
Sufi Islamic mystics - believe individuals can develop personal connection with Allah - practices practical and adoptable - contributed greatly to spread of Islam
Swahili Syncretic language - Bantu + Arabic - literally means "people of the coast"
Syncretism Blending of elements from different cultural practices
Theravada Buddhism Branch of Buddhism - "Lesser Vehicle" - strictly follow canon - seek individual attainment of Enlightenment - Southeast Asia
Tibetan Buddhism Branch of Buddhism - combined shamanism and rituals - supernatural beings prominent
Zen Buddhism Japan - emphasis on simplicity, solitude & finding inner peace - became conduit for cultural activities
Bushido Code Code of conduct for Samurai - Buddhist influences (unifying body & mind) - Shinto influences (loyalty to state & devotion to ancestors)
Translation Movement Effort by Islamic scholars - translate Greek, Sanskrit, & Persian books into Arabic - astronomy, medicine, mathematics & geography
Sinification Spread of Chinese culture - impacted Korea, Japan, and Vietnam
Shi'a Minority branch of Islam - prominent in Persia (Iran) - believed Muhammad's son-in-law (Ali) should have succeeded Muhammad - elaborate hierarchy - believe God provides guides (imams & ayatollahs)
Sunni Majority branch of Islam - successor to Muhammad chosen from the community - less elaborate hierarchy - less veneration of clerics
Renaissance Period of artistic and intellectual activity in Europe - "rebirth" of Greco-Roman (Classical) learning - divided into Italian and Northern phases
Hijab Head covering worn by Islamic women - symbol of modesty and religious devotion - pre-dated Islam - adopted as religion spread throughout Middle East
Created by: Ms. Robson
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