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Chapter 2: Skeletal
Kinesiology/ Biomechanics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skeleton | rigid framework of the human body, it gives support and shape to the body, it protects vital organs, and it assists in mvmt by providing a rigid structure for muscle attachment and leverage |
| skeletal system function | manufactures blood cells in various locations, the main sides of blood formation are the ilium, vertebra, sternum, and ribs |
| axial skeleton | forms the upright part of the body, it consists of approximately 80 bones of the head, thorax, and trunk |
| appendicular skeleton | attaches to the axial skeleton and contains 126 bones of the extremities |
| how many bones are in the body | 206 |
| bones can be considered organs because | they are made up of several different types of tissue. fibrous, cartilaginous, osseous, nervous, and vascular |
| bone is made up of | 1/3 organic living material and 2/3 inorganic nonliving material. the organic material gives the bone elasticity, inorganic material provides hardness and strength |
| compact bone | makes up a hard, dense outer shell. completely covers bone and tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of bones, thick in the plates of the flat bones of the skull |
| cancellous bone | pours and spongy inside called the trabecular. arrogates in a pattern that resists local stresses and strains. make up most of the articular ends of bones |
| epiphysis | area at each end of the shaft, and this area tends to be wider than the shaft |
| epiphyseal plate | in adults it is solid, but in growing bone the epiphysis is cartilaginous material. growth plate |
| diaphysis | main shaft of bone. made up of mostly compact bone |
| medullary canal | hollow center of bone, which contains marrow, provides for arteries, and decreases the weight of the bone |
| endosteum | membrane that lines the medullary canal that contains osteoclasts |
| metaphysis | flared part at each end of the diaphysis. made up of cancellous bone and functions to support the epiphysis |
| periosteum | thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage. |
| periosteum contains | nerve and blood vessels that provide nourishment, promotes diameter growth, assist in repairing bone, and serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments |
| long bones | length is greater than width. largest bones in the body and they make up most of the appendicular skeleton |
| long bones are mostly | tubular shaped with a diaphysis and two bulbous ends. the shaft consists of compact bone surrounding the marrow cavity |
| short bones | have more equal dimensions of height, length, and width, giving them a cuboidal shape. |
| short bones are | a thin layer of compact bone covering cancerous bones, which has marrow cavity in the middle. bones in wrist and ankl |
| flat bones | very broad surface but are not very thick. tend to have a curved surface. made up of two layers of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow in between. ex are scapular and ilium |
| irregular bones | variety of mixed shapes. examples are sacrum and vertebra, they are composed of cancellous bone and marrow encased in a thin layer of compact bone |
| foramen | hole blood vessel, nerves and lig pass |
| fossa | hollow or depression |
| groove | witchlike groove containing tendon or vessel |
| meatus | canal or tubelike opening in bone |
| sinus | air-filled cavity within a bone |
| condyle | round knuckle-like projection |
| eminence | projecting, prominent part of bone |
| facet | flat or shallow articular surface |
| head | rounded articular projection |
| crest | sharp ridge or border |
| epicondyle | prominence above or on a condyle |
| line | less prominent ridge |
| spine | long, thin protection |
| trochanter | very large prominence for muscle attachment |
| tubercle | small rounded projection |
| tuberosity | large rounded projection |
Created by:
graykm
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