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PTA 211 Exam 1
Guillain-Barre’ and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ is the most common form of Guillain-Barre’; starts distal and moves proximal | acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) |
| ___ is a type of Guillain-Barre’ that begins with eye paralysis/weakness, progressing to ataxic gait; no DTRs | Miller Fischer Syndrome |
| ___ and ___ are types of Guillain-Barre’ that occur because of damage to the axon itself, instead of the myelin sheath | acute motor axonal syndrome acute motor-sensory axonal syndrome |
| ___ is a subvariant of Guillain-Barre’ that begins typically with swallowing difficulties and dysarthria, and eventually require a ventilator; quick progression and poorer prognosis | acute bulbar palsy (ABP) without limb motor weakness |
| Guillain-Barre’ results in elevated ___ in the CSF | protein |
| Guillain-Barre’ usually follows ___ infections, or can occur without a prior illness | respiratory |
| cranial nerves that can be affected by Guillain-Barre’ include the ___ and ___ nerves | oculomotor and facial |
| medication that can be used to help treat Guillain-Barre’ include (3) | plasmapheresis immunoglobulin therapy corticosteroids |
| maximum recovery from Guillain-Barre’ is reached at ___ years | 2 |
| permanent weakness usually occurs in people with Guillain-Barre’ from prolonged periods of ___ during the acute phase | hypoxemia |
| evaluation for patients with Guillain-Barre’ should specifically include: (6) | strength sensation ROM, balance, coordination, endurance pain mobility reflexes |
| precautions for working with patients with Guillain-Barre’ include: (4) | vigorous strengthening exercise may aggravate weakness or cause a relapse exhaustive endurance exercises should also be avoided pressure injuries autonomic dysfunction |
| the prognosis for Guillain-Barre’ includes: (3) | weakness is usually reversible over a period of two months to two years if the onset is acute, the recovery is quicker insidious onset recovery is 1-2 yrs and may not fully recover |
| treatment for Guillain-Barre’ includes: (3) | temporary ambulation aides ambulation (parallel bars to cane/no AD) neural flossing/gliding prevent tightness possible UE aids family training (may be essential in early stages) home program (emphasize pacing) |
| ___ is the most common and fatal motor neuron disease in adults | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| clinical presentation of ALS includes: (9) | flaccidity, spasticity UMN signs decrease as disease progresses bulbar palsy (dysarthria, dysphagia, drooling) fatigue dyspnea with activity sighing morning headache cognitive impairment (40% of pts) rarely sensory impairments |
| diagnosis for ALS can include: (5) | genetic testing EMG NCV nerve, muscle biopsy presence of LMN and UMN signs |
| the prognosis for ALS includes: (3) | ~5 year survival rate after diagnosis (can vary) bulbar lesion = poorer prognosis no cure |
| ___ can be used to prolong the life of people with ALS by about three months, but comes with many side effects | rilutek |
| PT evaluation of people with ALS should include: (12) | cognition psychosocial assessment pain ROM, joint integrity, muscle length motor performance (MMT; dexterity, tone) cranial nerve assessment posture balance integument gait respiratory function functional status |
| PT interventions in the early stages of ALS include: (4) | improving impairment orthoses, ADs, etc. prevent loss of ROM slow loss of strength, aerobic capacity, respiratory function |
| PT interventions in the later stages of ALS include: (3) | preventing edema, contractures, adhesive capsulitis orthoses, ADs, etc. minimize complications, respiratory care |
| overuse atrophy does not occur in people with ALS with MMTs of ___ or more (moderate exercise can improve grades below this) | 3/5 |
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