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Hip Muscles
Origin, insertion, function, and innervation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Iliopsoas | Origin – psoas major: T12 – L5 vertebra & intervertebral discs iliacus: iliac fossa Insertion – lesser trochanter of femur Function – hip flexion Innervation – femoral nerve (L2-3) |
| Tensor fascia latae (TFL) (“lah-tey”) | Origin – ASIS and anterior iliac crest Insertion – IT band Function – hip flexion, ABD & IR Innervation – superior gluteal nerve (L4-5) |
| Sartorius | Origin – ASIS Insertion – superior medial tibia Function – hip flexion, ABD & ER and knee flexion Innervation – femoral nerve (L2-3) |
| Pectinius | Origin – superior ramus of pubis Insertion – pectineal line of femur Function – hip flexion and adduction Innervation – femoral nerve (L2-4) |
| Adductor longus | Origin – body of pubis Insertion – linea aspera of femur Function – hip adduction Innervation – obturator nerve (L2-4) |
| Adductor brevis | Origin – body and inferior ramus of pubis Insertion – pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur Function – hip adduction Innervation – obturator nerve (L2-4) |
| Adductor magnus | Origin – ischial tuberosity & inferior ramus of pubis Insertion – linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur Function – hip adduction Innervation – obturator and sciatic nerves (L2-4) |
| Gracilis | Origin – body & inferior ramus of pubis Insertion – superior medial tibia Function – hip adduction and knee flexion Innervation – obturator nerve (L2-3) |
| Gluteus maximus | Origin – posterior sacrum & ilium Insertion – IT band and gluteal tuberosity of femur Function – hip extension & ER Innervation – inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1-2) |
| Gluteus medius | Origin – lateral surface of ilium Insertion – lateral greater trochanter Function – hip abduction Innervation – superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) |
| Gluteus minimus | Origin – lateral surface of ilium Insertion – anterior greater trochanter Function – hip abduction & IR or ER, depending on ant. or post. fibers Innervation – superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) |
| Piriformis | Origin – anterior sacrum Insertion – greater trochanter Function – ER if the hip is extended, ABD if the hip is flexed, and joint stabilization Innervation – anterior rami of S1-2 |
| Obturator externus | Origin – membrane of obturator foramen Insertion – trochanteric fossa of femur Function – hip ER, adduction, and joint stabilization Innervation – obturator nerve (L3-4) |
| Obturator internus | Origin – membrane of obturator foramen Insertion – medial greater trochanter of femur Function – ER if the hip is extended, ABD if the hip is flexed, and joint stabilization Innervation – nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) |
| Superior Gemelli | Origin - Ischial Spine Insertion - Medial Greater Trochanter Function - ER if hip is extended, ABD if hip is flexed Innervation - Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) |
| Inferior Gemelli | Origin - Ischial Tuberosity Insertion - Medial Greater Trochanter Function - ER if hip is extended, ABD if hip is flexed Innervation - Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
| Quadratus femoris (“fem-a-ris”) | Origin – lateral ischial tuberosity Insertion – intertrochanteric crest of femur Function – hip ER and joint stabilization Innervation – nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
| Quadriceps Muscle Group Origins | Rectus femoris: AIIS Vastus lateralis: greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera Vastus medialis: intertrochanteric line and medial linea aspera Vastus intermedius: anterior & lateral surfaces of femur |
| Quadriceps Actions and Innervation | Rectus Femoris - Only one that also flexes hip Vastus Lateralis - Extends knee Vastus Medialis - Extends knee Vastus Intermedius - Extends knee Innervation - Femoral Nerve |
| Hamstrings Origins | Semitendonosis - Ischial Tuberosity Semimembranosis - Ischial Tuberosity Biceps Femoris - Long head = Ischial Tuberosity Biceps Femoris - Short head = Linea Aspera and Lateral Femur |
| Hamstrings Actions and Innervation | Knee flexion, all but the short head of Biceps Femoris also extend the hip Innervation - Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2) |
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