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PTA 211 Exam 1
Geriatric Arthritis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| factors that can lead to increased demineralization of bone include: (9) | calcium availability (ingestion and absorption) smoking genetics sex (men have 30% greater density) corticosteroid use celiac disease physical activity anthropometrics advanced age |
| dietary factors that can increase calcium balance include: (5) | calcium vitamin D lactose magnesium fluoride |
| dietary factors that can decrease calcium balance include: (6) | protein caffeine alcohol phosphorus sodium sugar |
| ___ is characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage and new bone growth in sub-chondral areas and joint margins; found in weight-bearing joints and have minimal if any inflammation | osteoarthritis |
| precautions/contraindications for treating patients with osteoarthritis include: (5) | no joint mobs during acute inflammation (grade I likely safe) avoid maximum resistive exercise avoid heavy stress to weight bearing joints avoid deep flexion w/ stress avoid poor joint alignment during exercise |
| problems that can arise as a result of osteoarthritis include: (4) | decreased ROM muscle spasms 2/2 pain osteophytes weakness 2/2 disuse |
| treatment for osteoarthritis includes; (8) | foot orthotics taping US and TENS isometrics isotonic strengthening (PREs for LE during non-inflamed periods) assistive devices improving biomechanics aerobic training (partial or full WB) |
| ___ is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation; connective tissue disease where pannus form and erodes cartilage; formation of rheumatoid nodules, atrophy, and weakness of muscles; ankylosing/subluxing of joints; usually bilateral | rheumatoid arthritis |
| problems that can arise from rheumatoid arthritis during the exacerbation phase include: (5) | tenderness/warmth over joint with swelling muscle guarding and pain with motion joint stiffness weakness deformity |
| precautions/indications for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the exacerbation phase include: (5) | avoid fatigue don't stress bones (RA meds can cause osteoporosis) no maximum resistive exercise no stretching no joint mobs EVER |
| goals for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the exacerbation phase include: (4) | dec. pain and muscle guarding (modalities, massage, splinting) minimize stiffness + maintain ROM prevent muscle atrophy (gentle isometrics) prevent deformity and protect joint structures (assistive equipment, bed positioning, reduce jt stress, pt ed) |
| problems that can arise from rheumatoid arthritis during the remission phase include: (5) | pain when stress is applied to mechanical restrictions decreased ROM muscle weakness postural changes/ joint deformity decreased functional use of joint(s) |
| osteoblasts remove calcium and phosphate from blood to rebuild bone in response to ___ | stress and strain |
| osteoclasts remove calcium and phosphate from bone in response to ___ | hormones |
| a fracture threshold greater than 1 gm apatite/cm2 [increases/decreases] the risk for fracture | decreases |
| a fracture threshold less than 1 gm apatite/cm2 [increases/decreases] the risk for fracture | increases |
| what hormone tells osteoclasts to take calcium from bone to add to the blood? | parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| what hormone stimulates the reabsorption of calcium from the blood to the bones? | calcitonin |
| a T score higher than -1 indicates ___ | normal bone density |
| a T score between -1.1 and -2.4 indicates ___ | low bone density/osteopenia |
| a T score lower than -2.5 indicates ___ | osteoporosis |
| what hormone suppresses osteoclasts? | estrogen |
| bone mass peaks between ___ and ___ years of age | 25-35 |
| precautions and contraindications during the remission period of rheumatoid arthritis include: (2) | AROM must be done gently, if at all (precaution) vigorous stretching, mobilization, traction all contraindicated |
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