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Psych Chap 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | derived from two Greek roots; psyche "mind" and logos "knowledge" |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Established world's first scientific laboratory of psychology |
| Introspection | Attempts to directly study consciousness by having people report on what they are consciously experiencing |
| Edward Titchener | Englishman who brought Wundt's teachings and methods of introspection to the US/English speaking countries |
| Structualism | An approach that attempted to define the structure of the mind by breaking down mental experiences into their component parts |
| William James | Recognized as the father of modern psychology |
| Functionalism | School of psychology that focused on how behavior helps individuals adapt to demands placed upon them in the environment "why we do what we do" |
| Behaviorism | Psychology should limit itself to the study of overt behavior that observers could record and measure, founded by Watson |
| B.F Skinner | Associated with reward and punishment, showed he could train animals to perform simple behaviors by rewarding specific responses |
| Reinforcers | Complex behaviors that could be learned/maintained by manipulating rewards |
| Gestalt Psychology | School of psychology that studies ways in which the brain organizes and structures our perception of the world |
| Gestalt | Unitary form or pattern |
| Sigmund Freud | Believed that much of our behavior is determined by unconscious forces and motives that lie beyond reach of ordinary awareness |
| Psychoanalysis | Based on the belief that therapeutic change comes from uncovering and working through unconscious conflicts within the personality |
| Behavioral Perspective | Belief that environmental influences determine behavior and that psychology should restrict itself to the study of observable behavior |
| Social Cognitive Theory | Believes that personality comprises not only learned behavior but also in ways that individuals think about themselves/environment. |
| Behavior Therapy | Involves the systematic application of learning principles that are grounded in the behaviorist system tradition of Watson and Skinner |
| Humanistic Psychology | The school of psychology that believes that free will and conscious choice are essential aspects of the human condition |
| Humanistic Perspective | Believes that psychology should focus on conscious experiences even if those experiences are subjective and cannot be objectively observed and scientifically measured |
| Physiological Perspective | Examines relationships between biological processes and behavior |
| Evolutionary Psychology | A movement within modern psychology that applies principles from Theory of Evolution to a wide range of behaviors |
| Cognitive Perspective | An approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the processes by which we acquire knowledge |
| Positive Psychology | A contemporary movement within psychology that emphasizes the study of human virtues/assets-opposed to weaknesses and deficits |
| Sociocultural perspective | An approach to the study of psychology that emphasizes the role of social and cultural influences on behavior |
| Basic Research | Focused on acquiring knowledge even if such knowledge has no direct practical application |
| Applied Research | Research that attempts to find solutions to a specific problem |
| Clinical Psychologists | Evaluate and treat people with psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety |
| Psychiatrists | Medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders |
| Naturalistic observation Method | A method of research based on careful observation of behaviors in natural settings |
| Single blind studies | In drug research, studies in which subjects are kept uninformed about whether they are receiving the active drug or a placebo |
| Double blind studies | In drug research, studies in which both participants and experimenters are kept uninformed about which participants are/aren't receiving the active drug |
| Prime | A stimulus or cue that affects a person's subsequent behavior without the person being aware of its impact. |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
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