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Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anatomy? | The study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; it is the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts. |
| What is physiology? | the study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures |
| What does the ending -ology mean? | "study of" |
| What are cells? | Cells are the basic unit of all living things- from bacteria to plants to animals, including human beings. |
| The cells of all living things are composed of a substance called protoplasm. What is protoplasm? | Protoplasm is a colorless jelly-like substance found inside cells in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present. |
| What is the nucleus of a cell? | The nucleus is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; it plays an important role in cell reproduction o and metabolism |
| In visualizing the cell, the _________________is similar to raw egg white, while the _________________is similar to the yolk of the egg. | Protoplasm is similar to the egg white in an egg, and the Nucleus is similar to the yolk of an egg |
| The cytoplasm is the watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and is needed for what purpose? | growth, reproduction, and self-repair |
| What is the cell membrane? | The cell membrane is the part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell. |
| Cells have the ability to reproduce, and provide new cells for the growth and replacement of worn or injured ones. What is this process called? | Mitosis |
| When a cell divides by mitosis it creates 2 ____________cells | daughter |
| A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function are called_________________? | Tissues |
| There are 4 types of tissues in the body. What are they? | Connective Tissue Epithelial Tissue Muscle tissue Nerve Tissue |
| This tissue binds together, protects and supports the various parts of the body: | Connective Tissue |
| This tissue is a protective covering on the body surfaces , such as the skin, mucous membranes, tissue in the mouth, heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands: | Epithelial Tissue |
| This tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body: | Muscular Tissue |
| This tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions: | Nerve Tissue |
| What is adipose tissue? | It is the layer of fat under the dermis. |
| _________________are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. | Organs |
| ___________________are groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions . | Body Systems |
| How many body systems are in the human body? | 11 |
| This system controls movement of blood throughout the body and consists of the heart and blood vessels. | The circulatory system |
| This system breaks down food into nutrients or waste for nutrition or excretion. Its organs are the stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands | The digestive/ gastrointestinal system |
| This system controls hormone levels within the body that determine growth, development, sexual function, and health of the entire body. | The endocrine system |
| What system eliminates waste from the body, reducing the build up of toxins? Organs include: the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestines and lungs | The excretory system |
| This system provides a protective covering and regulates body temperature. Organs include the skin, sweat and oil glands, hair and nails. | The integumentary system |
| This system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying pathogens and toxins. Organs include lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen. | Immune system/ lymphatic system |
| What does the muscular system do? | It covers, shapes and holds the skeleton in place. Muscles contract to allow for movement in the body structures. This includes the muscles and connective tissue. |
| This system consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and eyes: | The Nervous system It coordinates all other body systems allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment. |
| The ______________________produces offspring and allows for transfer of genetic material and differentiates the sexes. | Reproductive System |
| The lungs and air passages are part of the _____________________ system. This system makes blood and oxygen available to body structures through respiration and eliminates carbon dioxide upon exhilation. | Respiratory |
| This system forms the physical foundation of the body: there are 206 bones that are connected by moveable and immovable joints: | The Skeletal System |
| A__________________ is the connection between 2 or more bones of the skeleton. | joint |
| The skull is the skeleton of the head and is divided into two parts: the ____________________ and the __________________________ | Cranium- an oval, bony case that protects the brain Facial Skeleton- the framework of the face that is composed of 14 bones |
| What are the 8 bones of the cranium? | Occipital, 2 parietal, frontal bone, 2 temporal bones, ethmoid and sphenoid |
| There are the 14 bones of the facial skeleton, of which we are most involved with which 9? | 2 nasal bones, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 zygomatic or malar bones, 2 maxillae bones, 1 mandible |
| Where is the hyoid bone and what is its purpose? | The hyoid is the U shaped bones at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles. |
| What are the cervical vertebrae? | The 7 bones of the top part of the vertebral column are located in the neck region |
| Where is the thorax located? | the thorax is also known as the chest or pulmonary trunk. It consists of the sternum, ribs and thoracic vertebrae. |
| There are 12 pairs of these bones that form the wall of the thorax: | the ribs |
| This bone is also known as the shoulder blade. It is a large flat triangular bones of the shoulder. There are 2: one on the right and one on the left. | The scapula |
| This bones is also called the breastbone. It is a flat bone that forms the front of the ribs. | The sternum |
| This bone is also known as the collarbone. It joins the sternum and scapula. | The clavicle |
| Humerus | the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder |
| Ulna | inner and larger bone in the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger |
| Radius | smaller bone in the forearm on the same side of the thumb |
| Carpus | also known as the wrist. This flexible joint is composed of a group of 8 small, irregular bones held together by ligaments |
| Metacarpus | the bones of the palm of the hand |
| Phalanges or Digits | bones of the fingers or toes. There are 3 phalanges in each finger, and 2 in the thumb and big toe |
| Femur | Heavy long bone that forms the leg above the knee |
| Tibia | Larger of the 2 bones that form the leg below the knee. The tibia may be visualized as a bump on the big-toe side of the ankle |
| Fibula | Smaller of the 2 bones that form the leg below the knee. The fibula may be visualized as a bump on the little-toe side of the ankle |
| Patella | the kneecap |
| Talus | the ankle bone |
| Muscles are fibrous tissues that have the ability to stretch and contract according to demands of the bodys movements. We massage from ____________________ to the _______________________. | Insertion to origin |
| The middle part of the muscle is the ________________. | belly |
| 40%-50% of the body's weight is in _____________________ | muscles |
| The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is known as _______________________. | neurology |
| The nervous system is divided into 3 main subdivisions: the central nervous system or ___________, the peripheral nervous system or _______________, and the autonomic nervous system or ___________. | CNS-brain and spinal cord , spinal nerves and cranial nerves PNS-connects the outer parts of the body with the central nervous system ANS-controls the involuntary muscles |
Created by:
Mrs. Worsham
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